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Bruit, also called vascular murmur, [3] is the abnormal sound generated by turbulent flow of blood in an artery due to either an area of partial obstruction or a localized high rate of blood flow through an unobstructed artery.
Many carotid bruits are discovered incidentally in an otherwise asymptomatic patient. The presence of a carotid bruit alone does not necessarily indicate the presence of stenosis, and the physical examination cannot be used to estimate the degree of stenosis, if present; therefore, any bruit must be evaluated by ultrasound or imaging. [4]
Korotkoff sounds are the sounds that medical personnel listen for when they are taking blood pressure using a non-invasive procedure. They are named after Nikolai Korotkov , a Russian physician who discovered them in 1905, [ 1 ] when he was working at the Imperial Medical Academy in St. Petersburg , the Russian Empire.
An auscultatory gap, also known as the silent gap, [1] is a period of diminished or absent Korotkoff sounds during the manual measurement of blood pressure.It is associated with peripheral blood flow caused by changes in the pulse wave. [2]
Auscultation, a medical neurological procedure, can be performed upon the skull to check for intracranial bruits.Such a bruit may be found in such conditions as cerebral angioma, tumour of the glomus jugulare, intracranial aneurysm, meningioma, occlusion of the internal carotid artery, or increased intracranial pressure.
The internal carotid artery supplies the brain, and the external carotid artery supplies the face. This fork is a common site for atherosclerosis, an inflammatory build-up of atheromatous plaque inside the common carotid artery, or the internal carotid arteries that causes them to narrow. [3] [4]
Pulse pressure is quantified using a blood pressure cuff and stethoscope (Korotkoff sounds), by measuring the variation of the systolic pressure during expiration and inspiration. [8] To measure the pulsus paradoxus, place a blood pressure cuff on the patient's arm and very slowly deflate the cuff while listening for brachial pulsations.
** Supravalvular aortic stenosis is loudest at a point slightly higher than in that of valvular AS and may radiate more to the right carotid artery. **Subvalvular aortic stenosis is usually due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), with murmur loudest over the left sternal border or the apex. The murmur in HCM increases in intensity with a ...