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Protection and indemnity insurance, more commonly known as P&I insurance, is a form of mutual maritime insurance provided by a P&I club. [1] Whereas a marine insurance company provides "hull and machinery" cover for shipowners, and cargo cover for cargo owners, a P&I club provides cover for open-ended risks that traditional insurers are reluctant to insure.
The Certificate of Financial Responsibility (COFR) program was created to ensure that tankers, barges, and other vessels used to transport oil and chemical-based products on U.S. should bear any ensuing cleanup costs from spills or leaks.
A bill of lading is a standard-form document which is transferable by endorsement (or by lawful transfer of possession). [7] Most shipments by sea are covered by the Hague Rules , the Hague-Visby Rules or the Hamburg Rules , which require the carrier to issue the shipper a bill of lading identifying the nature, quantity, quality and leading ...
Assuranceforeningen Gard, the P&I Club, was founded in Arendal, Norway in 1907. Historically, Arendal was an important shipping centre at that time, but the establishment of Gard was also driven by the reluctance of owners of sailing ships to subsidise the liabilities arising from owners operating steam ships.
A single sign-on server will issue digital certificates into the client system, but never stores them. Users can execute programs, etc. with the temporary certificate. It is common to find this solution variety with X.509-based certificates. [26] Starting Sep 2020, TLS Certificate Validity reduced to 13 Months.
The International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1969, renewed in 1992 and often referred to as the CLC Convention, is an international maritime treaty admistered by the International Maritime Organization that was adopted to ensure that adequate compensation would be available where oil pollution damage was caused by maritime casualties involving oil tankers (i.e ...
In 1967 North P&I Club absorbed the neighbouring Neptune P&I club, bringing a number of Irish and Yugoslav vessels. On 20 February 1998 it merged with the Newcastle club, adding some 5 million GT of shipping and 30 staff. Two years later North P&I Club absorbed the business of the Liverpool and London club, adding another 5 million GT.
The Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) certificate program is self-paced and offers several trainings from supplier relationship management to propelling continuous movement through the supply chain. The program is geared towards all levels of professionals working in the management of supply chain and procurement. [13]