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Intravitreal injection is the method of administration of drugs into the eye by injection with a fine needle. The medication will be directly applied into the vitreous humor. [1] It is used to treat various eye diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, and infections inside the eye such as endophthalmitis. [1]
Tetracaine is the T in TAC, a mixture of 5 to 12% tetracaine, 0.05% adrenaline, and 4 or 10% cocaine hydrochloride used in ear, nose, and throat surgery and in the emergency department where numbing of the surface is needed rapidly, especially when children have been injured in the eye, ear, or other sensitive locations.
Moxifloxacin is an antibiotic, used to treat bacterial infections, [4] including pneumonia, conjunctivitis, endocarditis, tuberculosis, and sinusitis. [4] [5] It can be given by mouth, by injection into a vein, and as an eye drop. [5] Common side effects include diarrhea, dizziness, and headache. [4]
Bottom line: Most drugs carry a risk, but if you've been prescribed an oral or injected fluoroquinolone and you're concerned about side effects, be sure to talk to your doctor about switching.
Levofloxacin is also used as antibiotic eye drops to prevent bacterial infection. Usage of levofloxacin eye drops, along with an antibiotic injection of cefuroxime or penicillin during cataract surgery , has been found to lower the chance of developing endophthalmitis , compared to eye drops or injections alone.
The most important factor that must be taken into account when designing any type of drug delivery device, and specifically ocular devices, is the release rate of a drug. As discussed previously, the deliver rate and kinetics associated with drugs to the eye can reach levels that are toxic to the eye or could even cause undesirable side effects.
When applied to the surface of the eye, side effects may include a brief period of blurry vision and discoloration of contact lenses of the soft type. [7] [3] When used by mouth or injection, side effects may include headache, nausea, and a change to the color of the skin for a brief period of time. [3] Allergic reactions may rarely occur. [3]
Eye drops or eyedrops are liquid drops applied directly to the surface of the eye usually in small amounts such as a single drop or a few drops. Eye drops usually contain saline to match the salinity of the eye. Drops containing only saline and sometimes a lubricant are often used as artificial tears to treat dry eyes or simple eye irritation ...