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The Jewish defenders retreated to the inner court. According to Josephus, at this stage, Titus convened his commanders to decide the temple's fate. [145] On the eighth day of the month of Av, Roman forces breached the temple's outer court. [146] "The Destruction and Sack of the Temple of Jerusalem", painting by Nicolas Poussin (1626)
The bishop was still new to the city, however, and did not have the political power necessary to band the town together. In the face of the crusaders' attack, the local bishop abandoned his attempt to save the Jews and told them that "You cannot be saved—your God does not wish to save you now as he did in earlier day.
Rabbinic Jews had fought side-by-side with Muslim soldiers to defend the city, and as the crusaders breached the outer walls, the Jews of the city retreated to their synagogue to "prepare for death". [32] According to the Muslim chronicle of Ibn al-Qalanisi, "The Jews assembled in their synagogue, and the Franks burned it over their heads."
Here, Jews are displayed in some of the most typical anti-Jewish iconography of the time, with protruding jaws and hooked noses. Their haggardly, poor appearance is contrasted with the non-Jews of the image, including Roman guards, who are presented with a degree of fashion and status through their capes and typical tunics and similar attire ...
The cause of tensions in the east of the empire was complicated, involving the spread of Greek culture, Roman law, and the rights of Jews in the empire. Caligula did not trust the prefect of Roman Egypt, Aulus Avilius Flaccus. Flaccus had been loyal to Tiberius, had conspired against Caligula's mother, and had connections with Egyptian separatists.
The reason he did so is not entirely clear, but it seems to have been related to the King mistaking an internal conflict among the Jewish priesthood as a full-scale rebellion. Jewish practices were banned, Jerusalem was placed under direct Seleucid control, and the Second Temple in Jerusalem was vandalized.
He then added the genocide of Jews throughout Europe by the Nazis, and the latest terrorist attack by Hamas on Oct. 7. One could be forgiven for wondering how the Jews have triggered such enmity.
The term "Diaspora Revolt" (115–117 CE; [1] Hebrew: מרד הגלויות, romanized: mered ha-galuyot, or מרד התפוצות, mered ha-tfutzot, 'rebellion of the diaspora'; Latin: Tumultus Iudaicus [2]), also known as the Trajanic Revolt [3] and sometimes as the Second Jewish–Roman War, [a] [4] refers to a series of uprisings that occurred in Jewish diaspora communities across the ...