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Halogenation of benzene where X is the halogen, catalyst represents the catalyst (if needed) and HX represents the protonated base. A few types of aromatic compounds, such as phenol , will react without a catalyst , but for typical benzene derivatives with less reactive substrates, a Lewis acid is required as a catalyst .
A good example of a substitution reaction is halogenation. When chlorine gas (Cl 2) is irradiated, some of the molecules are split into two chlorine radicals (Cl•), whose free electrons are strongly nucleophilic. One of them breaks a C–H covalent bond in CH 4 and grabs the hydrogen atom to form the electrically neutral HCl.
A halogen addition reaction is a simple organic reaction where a halogen molecule is added to the carbon–carbon double bond of an alkene functional group. [1]The general chemical formula of the halogen addition reaction is:
Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky halogenation; Hemetsberger indole synthesis; Hemetsberger–Knittel synthesis; Henkel reaction, Raecke process, Henkel process; Henry reaction, Kamlet reaction; Herz reaction, Herz compounds; Herzig–Meyer alkimide group determination; Heumann indigo synthesis; Hiyama coupling; Hydration reaction; Hydroamination ...
In chemistry, halogenation is a chemical reaction which introduces one or more halogens into a chemical compound. Halide -containing compounds are pervasive, making this type of transformation important, e.g. in the production of polymers , drugs . [ 1 ]
Pages in category "Halogenation reactions" The following 15 pages are in this category, out of 15 total. ... Electrophilic halogenation; F. Finkelstein reaction; Free ...
A hydrohalogenation reaction is the electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides like hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide to alkenes to yield the corresponding haloalkanes. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] If the two carbon atoms at the double bond are linked to a different number of hydrogen atoms, the halogen is found preferentially at the carbon with fewer ...
An example is the conversion of alkyl chloride into alkyl fluoride: C 3 H 5-Cl + NaF → R-F + NaCl. This kind of reaction is called Finkelstein reaction. [2] However, it is also possible, for example, to produce phosphorus fluoride compounds by transhalogenating chlorine, bromine or iodine bound to phosphorus with a metal fluoride. [3]