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The 7.62×54mmR originally had a 13.7 g (210 grain) "jager" round-nosed full metal jacket (FMJ) bullet. The projectile was replaced in 1908 by the 9.61-gram (148.3 gr) Лёгкая Пуля ( Lyogkaya pulya , "light bullet") spitzer bullet , whose basic design has remained to the present.
The 7.62 mm designation refers to the internal diameter of the barrel at the lands (the raised helical ridges in rifled gun barrels). The actual bullet caliber is often 7.82 mm (0.308 in), although Soviet weapons commonly use a 7.91 mm (0.311 in) bullet, as do older British (.303 British) and Japanese (7.7×58mm Arisaka) cartridges.
The below table gives a list of firearms that can fire the 7.62×54mmR cartridge. The cartridge was originally developed for the Mosin–Nagant rifle and introduced in 1891 by the Russian Empire. It was the service cartridge of the late Tsarist era and throughout the Soviet period to the present-day Russia and other countries as well.
The Winchester Model 1895 is an American lever-action repeating firearm developed and manufactured by the Winchester Repeating Arms Company in the late 19th century, chambered for a number of full-size military and hunting cartridges such as 7.62×54mmR, .303 British, .30-03, .30 Army, .30-06, .35 Winchester, .38-72 Winchester, .40-72 Winchester and .405 Winchester.
From their web site: "Some hunters have been confused because there have been varying marking on the package, case bottom and stamps: 7.62×53: 7.62×53R: 7.62×54: 7.62×54R. This happened because the 53.72 mm case length was rounded off differently in various countries.
The cartridges were intended to be aid to anti-Communist insurgents and Allied forces equipped with US weapons. They were loaded in 5-round stripper clips in M1 bandoleers (holding 6 × 5-round clips in cardboard spacers, or 60 rounds each) packed in US Navy 20mm Mark 1 metal ammo chests (33 × 60-round bandoleers; or 1980 rounds each).
This page was last edited on 8 May 2011, at 20:15 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply ...
In US sporting circles the R suffix to (bore)x(case length) metric designation indicated Rimmed cartridge as far as I remember the style being used; in the 1950s 7.72x54R ammo was marketed in the US as 7.62 Russian. Spot check shows it listed as "7.62 Russian" and "7.62mm Russian" in the 1970 Gun Digest.