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An infant lying on his stomach. Tummy time is a colloquialism for placing infants in the prone position while awake and supervised to encourage development of the neck and trunk muscles and prevent skull deformations. [1] [2] [3] In 1992, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended babies sleep on their backs to prevent sudden infant death ...
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a rare congenital heart defect in which the left side of the heart is severely underdeveloped and incapable of supporting the systemic circulation. [2] It is estimated to account for 2-3% of all congenital heart disease. [ 3 ]
During the first month, infants grow about 1 to 1.5 inches (2.5 to 3.8 cm) and gain weight at a rate of about 1 ounce (28 g) per day. [17] Resting heart rate is generally between 70 and 190 beats per minute. [18] Motor development. Moves in response to stimuli. [19] Displays several infantile reflexes, including:
Stephanie Fae Beauclair [1] (October 14, 1984 – November 15, 1984), better known as Baby Fae, was an American infant born in 1984 with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. She became the first infant subject of a xenotransplant procedure and first successful infant heart transplant, receiving the heart of a baboon. Though she died within a month ...
The Fontan Kreutzer procedure is used in pediatric patients who possess only a single functional ventricle, either due to lack of a heart valve (e.g. tricuspid or mitral atresia), an abnormality of the pumping ability of the heart (e.g. hypoplastic left heart syndrome or hypoplastic right heart syndrome), or a complex congenital heart disease where a bi-ventricular repair is impossible or ...
If a baby is born with cyanotic heart disease, the diagnosis is usually made shortly after birth due to the blue colour of their skin (called cyanosis). [44] If a baby is born with a septal defect or an obstruction defect, often their symptoms are only noticeable after several months, or sometimes even after many years. [44]
Without surgical repair, infants born with a single ventricle cardiac defect face almost certain mortality in the first year of life. [8] [9] [10] In these conditions, the most urgent problem is that the heart is unable to pump blood to the systemic circulation (i.e. to the body). The goal of these three surgeries is to ultimately connect the ...
Examples of congenital cardiac malformations in which this procedure may be used include hypoplastic left heart syndrome, tricuspid atresia, double-inlet left ventricle and double-outlet right ventricle. [3] The natural history of congenital univentricular cardiac malformations results in cyanotic heart failure at an early age. Staged ...