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  2. Lewis's trilemma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis's_trilemma

    It is sometimes described as the "Lunatic, Liar, or Lord", or "Mad, Bad, or God" argument. It takes the form of a trilemma—a choice among three options, each of which is in some way difficult to accept. A form of the argument can be found as early as 1846, and many other versions of the argument preceded Lewis's formulation in the 1940s.

  3. Alvin Plantinga's free-will defense - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvin_Plantinga's_free-will...

    The logical argument from evil argued by J. L. Mackie, and to which the free-will defense responds, is an argument against the existence of God based on the idea that a logical contradiction exists between four theological tenets often attributes to God. Specifically, the argument from evil asserts that the following set of propositions are, by ...

  4. Five Ways (Aquinas) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Ways_(Aquinas)

    Article III (i.e., the Five Ways) is a summary or application of this approach, but not intended to be complete or exhaustive. Fuller arguments are taken up in later sections of the Summa theologiae, and other publications.

  5. Christological argument - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christological_argument

    Another argument is that the resurrection of Jesus occurred and was an act of God, hence God must exist. Some versions of this argument have been presented, such as N. T. Wright's argument from the nature of the claim of resurrection to its occurrence and the "minimal facts argument", defended by scholars such as Gary Habermas and Mike Licona, which defend that God raising Jesus from the dead ...

  6. Transcendental argument for the existence of God - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_argument...

    Stroud argues that transcendental arguments often only establish the former but assert the latter, [7] so TAG, as a metaphysical transcendental argument, can only establish that human thought presupposes logic, science, and morality, but attempting to ground them in something beyond human thought, such as God, ultimately fails.

  7. Faith and rationality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faith_and_rationality

    The word faith sometimes refers to a belief that is held in spite of or against reason or empirical evidence, or it can refer to belief based upon a degree of evidential warrant. [ 1 ] Relationship between faith and reason

  8. Contra Celsum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contra_Celsum

    Greek text of Origen's apologetic treatise Contra Celsum, which is considered to be the most important work of early Christian apologetics [1] [2]. Against Celsus (Greek: Κατὰ Κέλσου, Kata Kelsou; Latin: Contra Celsum), preserved entirely in Greek, is a major apologetics work by the Church Father Origen of Alexandria, written in around 248 AD, countering the writings of Celsus, a ...

  9. Gödel's ontological proof - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gödel's_ontological_proof

    This counter-argument has been questioned by Gettings, [17] who agrees that the axioms might be questioned, but disagrees that Oppy's particular counter-example can be shown from Gödel's axioms. Religious scholar Fr. Robert J. Spitzer accepted Gödel's proof, calling it "an improvement over the Anselmian Ontological Argument (which does not ...

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