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Noel Maurer and Carlos Yu, The Big Ditch: How America Took, Built, Ran, and Ultimately Gave Away the Panama Canal, Princeton University Press, 2011. Mary C. Swilling, "The Business of the Canal: The Economics and Politics of the Carter Administration's Panama Canal Zone Initiative, 1978". Essays in Economic & Business History (2012) 22:275-89.
The terms of the treaty stated that the United States was to receive rights to a canal zone which was to extend five miles on either side of the canal route in perpetuity, and Panama was to receive a payment from the U.S. up to $10 million and an annual rental payment of $250,000. Panama never legally became a colony of the United States; the ...
The Panama Canal cost the United States about $375 million, including $10 million paid to Panama and $40 million paid to the French company. Although it was the most expensive construction project in US history to that time, it cost about $23 million less than the 1907 estimate despite landslides and an increase in the canal's width.
The US-controlled canal quickly became a vital asset for American commerce and the US Navy.. Panama received a $10 million initial payment from the US for the territory followed by $250,000 each ...
The Panama Canal treaties were approved by a bipartisan coalition of senators who accepted a counterintuitive reality: Giving up the canal was the best way to retain its use.
Why does Trump want to regain control of the Panama Canal? Trump claims the U.S. is being “ripped off” by Panama over the 1977 canal treaty, which he calls a “foolish” giveaway.
Panama's voters approved a 2006 referendum authorizing a major expansion of the canal to accommodate larger modern cargo ships. The expansion took until 2016 and cost more than $5.2 billion. Panamanian President José Raúl Mulino said in a video Sunday that “every square meter of the canal belongs to Panama and will continue to.” He added ...
In 1921, Colombia and the United States entered into the Thomson–Urrutia Treaty, in which the United States agreed to pay Colombia $25 million: $5 million upon ratification, and four $5 million annual payments, and grant Colombia special privileges in the Canal Zone. In return, Colombia recognized Panama as an independent nation.