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Roman head of a Dacian of the type known from Trajan's Forum, AD 120–130, marble, on 18th-century bust. The Dacians (/ ˈ d eɪ ʃ ən z /; Latin: Daci; Ancient Greek: Δάκοι, [1] Δάοι, [1] Δάκαι [2]) were the ancient Indo-European inhabitants of the cultural region of Dacia, located in the area near the Carpathian Mountains and west of the Black Sea.
Dacia (/ ˈ d eɪ ʃ ə /, DAY-shə; Latin: [ˈd̪aː.ki.a]) was the land inhabited by the Dacians, its core in Transylvania, stretching to the Danube in the south, the Black Sea in the east, and the Tisza in the west.
In particular, they see the first element of their name as a corruption of coto-, a Celtic root meaning "old" or "crooked" (cf. Cotini, an eastern Celtic tribe in the same Carpathian region; Cottius, a king of the Celtic Taurini in the western Alps. One Pliny manuscript variant of the name Costoboci is Cotoboci). However, Faliyeyev argues that ...
These peoples dwelt from west of the Tyras river and east of the Carpathian Mountains in the north, to the north coast of the Aegean Sea in the south, from the west coast of the Pontus Euxinus in the east, to roughly the Angrus (modern South Morava) river basin, Tisia (modern Tisza) and Danubius (modern Danube) rivers in the west.
The immediate consequences of the Roman abandonment of the Carpathian basin generated not only new tensions between the Goths and Gepids on the one hand (in the east) and the Iazygian Sarmatians on the other (in the west), coming into contact with each other, but also allowed the borders of the lower-middle Danube to be strengthened with the ...
The territories annexed to Moesia Inferior (Southern Moldavia, the south-eastern edge of the Carpathian Mountains and the plains of Muntenia and Oltenia) were returned to the Roxolani. [ 50 ] [ 49 ] [ 51 ] As a result, Moesia Inferior reverted once again to the original boundaries it possessed prior to the acquisition of Dacia. [ 52 ]
Dacians had built fortresses all around Dacia with most of them being on the Danube. [17] A scene from Trajan's column shows Romans attacking a Dacian fortification using the "testudo". [18] The Dacians constructed stone strongholds, davas, in the Carpathian Mountains in order to protect their capital Sarmizegetusa.
Map showing Roman Dacia and surrounding peoples in 125 AD. The Bastarnae, Bastarni or Basternae, also known as the Peuci or Peucini, were an ancient people who are known from Greek and Roman records to have inhabited areas north and east of the Carpathian Mountains between about 300 BC and about 300 AD, stretching in an ark from the sources of the Vistula in present day Poland and Slovakia, to ...