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Colporrhaphy (also vaginal wall repair, anterior and/or posterior colporrhaphy, anterior and/or posterior vaginal wall repair, or simply A/P repair or A&P repair) is a surgical procedure in women that repairs a defect in the wall of the vagina.
Basilar skull fractures are divided into anterior fossa, middle fossa and posterior fossa fractures. [1] Facial fractures often also occur. [1] Diagnosis is typically by CT scan. [1] Treatment is generally based on the extent and location of the injury to structures inside the head. [1]
Unstable fractures are further divided into anterior posterior compression, lateral compression, vertical shear, and combined mechanism fractures. [2] [1] Diagnosis is suspected based on symptoms and examination with confirmation by X-rays or CT scan. [1] If a person is fully awake and has no pain of the pelvis medical imaging is not needed. [2]
For larger anterior cheek defects, the posterior-based cervicofacial flap is continued inferiorly along the sternum, then laterally down across the chest, above the nipple and toward the axilla. This flap is supplied by the superficial temporal artery and vessels, the vertebral and occipital arteries and the perforators of the trapezius muscle.
An anterior cruciate ligament injury occurs when the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is either stretched, partially torn, or completely torn. [1] The most common injury is a complete tear. [ 1 ] Symptoms include pain, an audible cracking sound during injury, instability of the knee, and joint swelling . [ 1 ]
A Jefferson fracture is a bone fracture of the anterior and posterior arches of the C1 vertebra, [1] though it may also appear as a three- or two-part fracture. The fracture may result from an axial load on the back of the head or hyperextension of the neck (e.g. caused by diving), causing a posterior break, and may be accompanied by a break in other parts of the cervical spine.
A bone fracture (abbreviated FRX or Fx, F x, or #) is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of any bone in the body. In more severe cases, the bone may be broken into several fragments, known as a comminuted fracture. [1]
Elementary fracture Description Associated fractures Description Posterior wall: This is the most common variety of acetabular fracture. It typically occurs due to dashboard injury; when a person travelling in a vehicle involved in a head-on collision, the force applied over the flexed knee travels along the femur bone to the head of the femur, breaking the posterior wall of the acetabulum.