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There are two possible outcomes for the measurement of a qubit—usually taken to have the value "0" and "1", like a bit. However, whereas the state of a bit can only be binary (either 0 or 1), the general state of a qubit according to quantum mechanics can arbitrarily be a coherent superposition of all computable states simultaneously. [2]
[1] [2] A logical qubit is a physical or abstract qubit that performs as specified in a quantum algorithm or quantum circuit [3] subject to unitary transformations, has a long enough coherence time to be usable by quantum logic gates (c.f. propagation delay for classical logic gates). [1] [4] [5]
A 5-qubit code is the smallest possible code that protects a single logical qubit against single-qubit errors. A generalisation of the technique used by Steane , to develop the 7-qubit code from the classical [7, 4] Hamming code , led to the construction of an important class of codes called the CSS codes , named for their inventors: Robert ...
A qubit is a two-level system, and when we measure one qubit, we can have either 1 or 0 as a result. One corresponds to odd parity, and zero corresponds to even parity. This is what a parity check is. This idea can be generalized beyond single qubits. This can be generalized beyond a single qubit and it is useful in QEC.
99.98 (1 qubit) 98.5–99.3 (2 qubit) [30] 99.56 ((SPAM) 36 [29] (earlier 32) 2022: IQM -Superconducting: Star: 99.91 (1 qubit) 99.14 (2 qubits) 5 [31] November 30, 2021 [32] N/A IQM -Superconducting: Square lattice 99.91 (1 qubit median) 99.944 (1 qubit max) 98.25 (2 qubits median) 99.1 (2 qubits max) 20 October 9, 2023 [33] 16 [34] M Squared ...
In general, the vector space for an n-qubit system is 2 n-dimensional, and this makes it challenging for a classical computer to simulate a quantum one: representing a 100-qubit system requires storing 2 100 classical values.
The One Clean Qubit model of computation is performed an qubit system with one pure state and maximally mixed states. [1] This model was motivated by highly mixed states that are prevalent in Nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computers.
The purpose of quantum computing focuses on building an information theory with the features of quantum mechanics: instead of encoding a binary unit of information (), which can be switched to 1 or 0, a quantum binary unit of information (qubit) can simultaneously turn to be 0 and 1 at the same time, thanks to the phenomenon called superposition.