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The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived the conditions that led to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, it endured until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453.
The Byzantine Empire's history is generally periodised from late antiquity until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 AD. From the 3rd to 6th centuries, the Greek East and Latin West of the Roman Empire gradually diverged, marked by Diocletian's (r. 284–305) formal partition of its administration in 285, [1] the establishment of an eastern capital in Constantinople by Constantine I in 330, [n ...
The following is a list of battles fought by the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire, from the 6th century AD until its dissolution in the mid-15th century, organized by date. The list is not exhaustive. For battles fought by the Byzantine Empire's Roman predecessors, see List of Roman battles.
Mutilation was a common method of punishment for criminals in the Byzantine Empire, but it also had a role in the empire's political life. [1] By blinding a rival, one would not only restrict his mobility but also make it almost impossible for him to lead an army into battle, then an important part of taking control of the empire.
The Byzantine Empire was a multi-ethnic monarchic theocracy adopting, following, and applying the Orthodox-Hellenistic political systems and philosophies. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The monarch was the incarnation of the law— nomos empsychos —and his power was immeasurable and divine in origin insofar as he channeled God's divine grace, maintaining what ...
This was the Byzantine Empire at its greatest extent. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Byzantine Empire: Byzantine Empire (or Byzantium ) – the Constantinople -centred Roman Empire of the Middle Ages .
After the capture of the city, the Latin Empire (known to the Byzantines as the Frankokratia, or the Latin occupation [4]) was established and Baldwin of Flanders crowned as Emperor Baldwin I of Constantinople in Hagia Sophia. After the city's sacking, most of the Byzantine Empire's territories were divided up among the Crusaders.
Bartusis, Mark C. (1997), The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society 1204–1453, University of Pennsylvania Press, ISBN 0-8122-1620-2; Chatzelis, Georgios. (2019), Byzantine Military Manuals as Literary Works and Practical Handbooks: The Case of the Tenth-Century Sylloge Tacticorum, Routledge, ISBN 9781138596016; Dennis, George T. (1985).