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Ø L/R: Front LEFT and Front RIGHT – 880 Hz Ø C: CENTRE – 1320 Hz Ø Lfe: (Low Frequency Effects) – 82.5 Hz Ø Ls/Rs: Surround LEFT and Surround RIGHT – 660 Hz. The second section identifies front left and right channels (L/R) only: 1 kHz tone at -18 dBfs is interrupted four times on the left channel and is continuous on the right.
A programmable sound generator (PSG) is a sound chip that generates (or synthesizes) audio wave signals built from one or more basic waveforms, and often some kind of noise. PSGs use a relatively simple method of creating sound compared to other methods such as frequency modulation synthesis or pulse-code modulation .
In telecommunication, a standard test tone is a pure tone with a standardized level generally used for level alignment of single links and of links in tandem. [1]For standardized test signal levels and frequencies, see MIL-STD-188-100 for United States Department of Defense (DOD) use, and the Code of Federal Regulations Title 47, part 68 for other Government agencies.
Two-tone receiver testing using direct injection [8] Two-tone receiver testing using off-air method [9] A test setup suitable for testing receivers at microwave frequencies is shown in the figure. The two signal generators, F1 and F2, are combined using a directional coupler in reverse.
Graham's Line Identification Tone System (GLITS) is a test signal for stereo systems devised by BBC TV Sound Supervisor and Fellow of the IPS Graham Haines in the mid-1980s. It comprises a 1 kHz tone at 0 dBu (-18 dBFS ) on both channels, with interruptions which identify the channels.
The power frequency, either 50 or 60 Hz, serves as the reference, although commercial power frequency sometimes changes slightly (a few tenths of a percent) with varying load. Unless reference and measured quantity are interchanged, the operating principle is the same; the turntable speed is adjusted to stop drifting of the pattern.
15 sinewave tones, all but the last 0.127 seconds in length with 0.023 seconds of silence between tones, of the following estimated frequencies: 50, 100, 250, 400, 640, 1010, 1610, 4000, 6350, 8100, 10100, 12600, 15200, and 18300 Hz, followed by 130 ms of silence, then 820 ms of a 15200 Hz tone. [4] (Used by EMI Canada in 1982, as SDR.)
If the generators are all the prime numbers up to a given prime p, we have what is called p-limit just intonation.Sometimes some irrational number close to one of these primes is substituted (an example of tempering) to favour other primes, as in twelve tone equal temperament where 3 is tempered to 2 19 ⁄ 12 to favour 2, or in quarter-comma meantone where 3 is tempered to 2 4 √ 5 to favor ...