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Certain regular or common alternations apply across the Polish inflectional system, affecting the morphology of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and other parts of speech. Some of these result from the restricted distribution of the vowels i and y, and from the voicing rules for consonants in clusters and at the end of words.
For adjectives that do not have such forms, the words bardziej ("more") and najbardziej ("most") are used before the adjective to make comparative and superlative phrases. Adverbs are formed from adjectives with the ending -ie, or in some cases -o. Comparatives of adverbs are formed (where they exist) with the ending -iej.
Attributive adjectives most commonly precede the noun, although in certain cases, especially in fixed phrases (like język polski, "Polish (language)"), the noun may come first; the rule of thumb is that generic descriptive adjectives normally precede (e.g. piękny kwiat, "beautiful flower") while categorizing adjectives often follow the noun ...
So can those ending in -ch / -tch (e.g. "the French", "the Dutch") provided they are pronounced with a 'ch' sound (e.g. the adjective Czech does not qualify). Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms are also used for various other things, sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words.
For adjectives and adverbs, diminutives in Polish are grammatically separate from comparative forms. There are multiple affixes used to create the diminutive. Some of them are -ka, -czka, -śka, -szka, -cia, -sia, -unia, -enka, -lka for feminine nouns and -ek, -yk, -ciek, -czek, -czyk, -szek, -uń, -uś, -eńki, -lki for masculine words, and ...
However, sometimes -ni can be seen in place of Standard Polish -ny for some adjectives, which is typica of Lesser Polish: tylni (tylny). Similarly, many adjectives may be formed with -ity, -yty, -aty, as in Greater Polish dialects. Numerals often retain archaic -i in declensions, common to Greater Polish and Lesser Polish dialects: pięci ...
Adjectives formed with -aty may be seen here where in Standard Polish might be a different ending: cyrwieniaty (czerwonawy), paniaty (pański), and -ni may be seen instead of -ny: tylni (tylny). Adjectives and adverbs are more frequently diminutized. Many pronouns and adverbs are formed with -ik, -ok: tutok (tu), dziesik (gdzieś).
Polish dialects are regional vernacular varieties of the Polish language, ... Also important is the formation of adjectives, with many different suffixes being used ...