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In red wine, up to 90% of the wine's phenolic content falls under the classification of flavonoids. These phenols, mainly derived from the stems, seeds and skins are often leached out of the grape during the maceration period of winemaking. The amount of phenols leached is known as extraction.
The art and science of making wine. Also called enology (or oenology). Not to be confused with viticulture. Vinification The process of making grape juice into wine. Vin jaune French for "yellow wine", a wine fermented and matured under a yeast film that protects it, similar to the flor in Sherry production. Vinimatic
In winemaking, clarification and stabilization are the processes by which insoluble matter suspended in the wine is removed before bottling. This matter may include dead yeast cells (lees), bacteria, tartrates, proteins, pectins, various tannins and other phenolic compounds, as well as pieces of grape skin, pulp, stems and gums. [1]
Wine is a complex mixture of chemical compounds in a hydro-alcoholic solution with a pH around 4. The chemistry of wine and its resultant quality depend on achieving a balance between three aspects of the berries used to make the wine: their sugar content, acidity and the presence of secondary compounds. Vines store sugar in grapes through ...
In wine, 4-vinylphenol can react with other molecules, such as anthocyanidins, to produce new chemical compounds. [2] In white wines vinylphenols are dominant (4-vinylphenol 70-1 150 μg/L, 4-vinylguaiacol 10-490 μg/L) whereas, in red wines, it is the corresponding ethyl phenols .
4-Ethylguaiacol, often abbreviated to 4-EG, is a phenolic compound with the molecular formula C 9 H 12 O 2. It can be produced in wine and beer by Brettanomyces. [3] It is also frequently present in bio-oil produced by pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. [4]
The process of fermentation in winemaking turns grape juice into an alcoholic beverage. During fermentation, yeasts transform sugars present in the juice into ethanol and carbon dioxide (as a by-product). In winemaking, the temperature and speed of fermentation are important considerations as well as the levels of oxygen present in the must at ...
Winemaking. Wine grapes from the Guadalupe Valley in Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Winemaking, wine-making, or vinification is the production of wine, starting with the selection of the fruit, its fermentation into alcohol, and the bottling of the finished liquid. The history of wine -making stretches over millennia.
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