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Late Roman army. The West Roman army disintegrated AD 425–470, whilst the East Roman army continued until the Muslim conquests, after which the theme system was created. The Tetrarchs, a porphyry statue on Venice 's Basilica di San Marco, shows the emperor Diocletian and his three imperial colleagues.
Roman era reenactor holding a replica late Roman spatha. A spatha could be any sword (in late Latin), but most often one of the longer swords characteristic of the middle and late Roman Empire. In the 1st century, Roman cavalry started using these longer swords, and in the late 2nd or early 3rd century, Roman infantry also switched to longer ...
The Roman army of the late Republic refers to the armed forces deployed by the late Roman Republic, from the beginning of the first century BC until the establishment of the Imperial Roman army by Augustus in 30 BC. Shaped by major social, political, and economic change, the late Republic saw the transition from the Roman army of the mid ...
The military of ancient Rome was one of largest pre-modern professional standing armies that ever existed. At its height, protecting over 7,000 kilometers of border and consisting of over 400,000 legionaries and auxiliaries, the army was the most important institution in the Roman world. According to the Roman historian Livy, the military was a ...
The structural history of the Roman military concerns the major transformations in the organization and constitution of ancient Rome 's armed forces, "the most effective and long-lived military institution known to history." [ 1 ] At the highest level of structure, the forces were split into the Roman army and the Roman navy, although these two ...
Tabula Peutingeriana (Latin for 'The Peutinger Map'), also referred to as Peutinger's Tabula, [1] Peutinger tables [2] or Peutinger Table, is an illustrated itinerarium (ancient Roman road map) showing the layout of the cursus publicus, the road network of the Roman Empire. The map is a parchment copy, dating from around 1200, of a Late Antique ...
Caligae, heavy-soled military shoes or sandals which were worn by Roman legionary soldiers and auxiliaries throughout the history of the Roman Republic and Empire. The focale, a scarf worn by the Roman legionary to protect the neck from chafing caused by constant contact with the soldier's armor. The loculus, a satchel, carried by legionaries ...
The Roman Empire under the first tetrarchy, showing the dioceses and the four tetrarchs' zones of influence post-299. State administration underwent more structural changes during the period starting with Diocletian's ascension and ending with Theodosius' death than in the previous three centuries.