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View/Edit Mouse. Dynamin-like 120 kDa protein, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OPA1 gene. [5][6] This protein regulates mitochondrial fusion and cristae structure in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) and contributes to ATP synthesis and apoptosis, [7][8][9] and small, round mitochondria. [10]
Mitochondrial fusion. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles with the ability to fuse and divide (fission), forming constantly changing tubular networks in most eukaryotic cells. These mitochondrial dynamics, first observed over a hundred years ago [1] are important for the health of the cell, and defects in dynamics lead to genetic disorders.
More specifically, MFN2 is a dynamin-like GTPase embedded in the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) which in turn affects mitochondrial dynamics, distribution, quality control, and function. In addition to the MFN2, OPA1 regulates inner mitochondrial membrane fusion, MFN1 is a mediator of mitochondrial fusion and DRP1 is responsible for ...
On the other hand, the process of fusion is directed by different membrane-anchored dynamin proteins at different levels of the mitochondria. [13] Fusion at the level of the outer mitochondrial membrane is mediated by Mfn1 and Mfn2 (Mitofusins 1 and 2), [15] and fusion at the level of the inner mitochondrial membrane is mediated by Opa1.
Mitochondria is a dynamic structure regulating its morphology by context-dependent constant fission and fusion. Fission is crucial for mitophagy, as it cuts off a small mitochondrial part that can be further engulfed by the autophagosome. [31] The viruses Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) take advantage of this mechanism by inducing ...
Amitosis, also known as karyostenosis, direct cell division, or binary fission, is a mode of asexual cell division primarily observed in prokaryotes. This process is distinct from other cell division mechanisms such as mitosis and meiosis, mainly because it bypasses the complexities associated with the mitotic apparatus, such as spindle formation.
Homoplasmy is a term used in genetics to describe a eukaryotic cell whose copies of mitochondrial DNA are all identical. [1] In normal and healthy tissues, all cells are homoplasmic. [2] Homoplasmic mitochondrial DNA copies may be normal or mutated; [1] however, most mutations are heteroplasmic [2][3] (only occurring in some copies of ...
Mitochondrial fission factor. Mitochondrial fission factor (Mff) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MFF gene. [5] Its primary role is in controlling the division of mitochondria. Mitochondrial morphology changes by continuous fission in order to create interconnected network of mitochondria. This activity is crucial for normal ...