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In aqueous solutions, redox potential is a measure of the tendency of the solution to either gain or lose electrons in a reaction. A solution with a higher (more positive) reduction potential than some other molecule will have a tendency to gain electrons from this molecule (i.e. to be reduced by oxidizing this other molecule) and a solution with a lower (more negative) reduction potential ...
Redox (/ ˈrɛdɒks / RED-oks, / ˈriːdɒks / REE-doks, reduction–oxidation[2] or oxidation–reduction[3]: 150 ) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of the reactants change. [4] Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state, while reduction is the gain of electrons or a decrease in the ...
Nernst equation. In electrochemistry, the Nernst equation is a chemical thermodynamical relationship that permits the calculation of the reduction potential of a reaction (half-cell or full cell reaction) from the standard electrode potential, absolute temperature, the number of electrons involved in the redox reaction, and activities (often ...
In a Latimer diagram, because by convention redox reactions are shown in the direction of reduction (gain of electrons), the most highly oxidized form of the element is on the left side, with successively lower oxidation states to the right side. The species are connected by arrows, and the numerical value of the standard potential (in volts ...
Electrochemistry. English chemist John Daniell (left) and physicist Michael Faraday (right), both credited as founders of electrochemistry. Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry concerned with the relationship between electrical potential difference and identifiable chemical change. These reactions involve electrons moving via an ...
A redox gradient is a series of reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions sorted according to redox potential. [ 4 ][ 5 ] The redox ladder displays the order in which redox reactions occur based on the free energy gained from redox pairs. [ 4 ][ 5 ][ 6 ] These redox gradients form both spatially and temporally as a result of differences in ...
Reducing agent. In chemistry, a reducing agent (also known as a reductant, reducer, or electron donor) is a chemical species that "donates" an electron to an electron recipient (called the oxidizing agent, oxidant, oxidizer, or electron acceptor). Examples of substances that are common reducing agents include hydrogen, the alkali metals, formic ...
The Tafel equation is an equation in electrochemical kinetics relating the rate of an electrochemical reaction to the overpotential. [1] The Tafel equation was first deduced experimentally and was later shown to have a theoretical justification. The equation is named after Swiss chemist Julius Tafel. It describes how the electrical current ...