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Cyanide is a potent cytochrome c oxidase (COX, a.k.a. Complex IV) inhibitor, causing asphyxiation of cells. As such, cyanide poisoning is a form of histotoxic hypoxia, because it interferes with the ability of cells to take or use oxygen via oxidative phosphorylation. [ 25 ]: 1475. Specifically, cyanide binds to the heme a3-CuB binuclear center ...
It works by converting hemoglobin to methemoglobin, which allows for the binding of cyanide (CN –) anions by ferric (Fe 3+) cations and the formation of cyanomethemoglobin. The immediate goal of forming this cyanide adduct is to prevent the binding of free cyanide to the cytochrome a 3 group in cytochrome c oxidase. [8]
The cyanide anion is an inhibitor of the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (also known as aa 3), the fourth complex of the electron transport chain found in the inner membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. It attaches to the iron within this protein. The binding of cyanide to this enzyme prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c to
v. t. e. A blood agent is a toxic chemical agent that affects the body by being absorbed into the blood. [ 1 ] Blood agents are fast-acting, potentially lethal poisons that typically manifest at room temperature as volatile colorless gases with a faint odor. [ 1 ] They are either cyanide - or arsenic -based.
Hemoglobin has an oxygen-binding capacity of 1.34 mL of O 2 per gram, [6] which increases the total blood oxygen capacity seventy-fold compared to dissolved oxygen in blood plasma alone. [7] The mammalian hemoglobin molecule can bind and transport up to four oxygen molecules. [8] Hemoglobin also transports other gases.
In its simplest form, the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve describes the relation between the partial pressure of oxygen (x axis) and the oxygen saturation (y axis). Hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen increases as successive molecules of oxygen bind. More molecules bind as the oxygen partial pressure increases until the maximum amount that can be ...
The average red blood cell contains 250 million hemoglobin molecules. [7] Hemoglobin contains a globin protein unit with four prosthetic heme groups (hence the name heme-o-globin); each heme is capable of reversibly binding with one gaseous molecule (oxygen, carbon monoxide, cyanide, etc.), [8] therefore a typical red blood cell may carry up to one billion gas molecules.
Potassium cyanide is a compound with the formula KCN. It is a colorless salt, similar in appearance to sugar , that is highly soluble in water. Most KCN is used in gold mining , organic synthesis , and electroplating .