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e. Muhammad[ a ] (/ moʊˈhɑːməd /; Arabic: مُحَمَّد, romanized:Muḥammad, lit. 'praiseworthy' [mʊˈħæm.mæd]; c.570 – 8 June 632 CE) [ b ] was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. [ c ] According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic ...
Muhammad, the final Islamic prophet, was born and lived in Mecca for the first 53 years of his life (c. 570–622 CE) until the Hijra. This period of his life is characterized by his proclamation of prophethood. Muhammad's father, Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib, died before he was born. His mother would raise him until he was six years old ...
The life of Muhammad is known as the Sira and was lived in the full light of history. Everything he did and said was recorded. Because he could not read and write himself, he was constantly served by a group of 45 scribes who wrote down his sayings, instructions, and his activities. Muhammad himself insisted on documenting his important decisions.
In speaking, Muslims attach the title "Prophet" to Muhammad's name, and always follow it with the greeting sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam (صَلّى الله عليه وسلّم , "Peace be upon him"), [14] sometimes in written form abbreviated ﷺ . Muslims do not worship Muhammad as worship in Islam is only for God. [16] [165] [166]
The first Islamic State, also known as State of Medina[2] was the first Islamic state established by Islamic prophet Muhammad in Medina in 622 CE under the Constitution of Medina. It represented the political unity of the Muslim Ummah (nation). After Muhammad's death, his companions known as the Rightly Guided Caliphs (Rashidun) founded the ...
On the Indian subcontinent, Islam first appeared in the southwestern tip of the peninsula, in today's Kerala state. Arabs traded with Malabar even before the birth of Muhammad. Native legends say that a group of Sahaba, under Malik Ibn Deenar, arrived on the Malabar Coast and preached Islam.
During the time of Muhammad's revelation, the Arabian peninsula was made up of many pagan tribes. His birthplace, Mecca, was a central pilgrimage site and a trading center where many tribes and religions were in constant contact. Muhammad's connection with the surrounding culture was foundational to the way the Quran was revealed.
The conquest of Mecca (Arabic: فَتْحُ مَكَّةَ Fatḥu Makkah, alternatively, "liberation of Mecca") was a military campaign undertaken by Muhammad and his companions during the Muslim–Quraysh War. They led the early Muslims in an advance on the Quraysh -controlled city of Mecca in December 629 or January 630 [3][4] (10–20 ...