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A telomere (/ ˈ t ɛ l ə m ɪər, ˈ t iː l ə-/; from Ancient Greek τέλος (télos) 'end' and μέρος (méros) 'part') is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes (see Sequences). Telomeres are a widespread genetic feature most commonly found in eukaryotes.
They then used α factor to block cells with induced short telomeres in late G1 phase and measured the change in telomere length when the cells were released under a variety of conditions. They found that when the cells were released and concurrently treated with nocodazole , a G2/M phase cell cycle inhibitor, telomere length increased for the ...
Telomerase, also called terminal transferase, [1] is a ribonucleoprotein that adds a species-dependent telomere repeat sequence to the 3' end of telomeres. A telomere is a region of repetitive sequences at each end of the chromosomes of most eukaryotes .
At either end of a chromosome is a telomere, a cap of DNA that protects the rest of the chromosome from damage. The telomere has repetitive junk DNA and hence any enzymatic damage will not affect the coded regions. The areas of the p and q regions close to the telomeres are the subtelomeres, or subtelomeric regions. The areas closer to the ...
Typical gene with introns and exons. The introns, which make up a large part of the coding genes, are considered junk DNA. Junk DNA (non-functional DNA) is a DNA sequence that has no known biological function.
Shelterin (also called telosome) is a protein complex known to protect telomeres in many eukaryotes from DNA repair mechanisms, as well as to regulate telomerase activity. In mammals and other vertebrates, telomeric DNA consists of repeating double-stranded 5'-TTAGGG-3' (G-strand) sequences (2-15 kilobases in humans) along with the 3'-AATCCC-5' (C-strand) complement, ending with a 50-400 ...
TERRA is an evolutionarily conserved long-non-coding RNA found in many nucleus-containing eukaryotic cells such as chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), [1] humans (Homo sapiens), budding yeast (Schizosaccharomyces cerevisiae), fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), mice (Mus musculus), zebrafish (Danio rerio), and various plants (Arabidopsis thaliana, et cetera).
In 1999 it was reported that telomeres, which cap the end of chromosomes, terminate in a lariat-like structure termed a T-loop (Telomere-loop). [11] This is a loop of both strands of the chromosome which are joined to an earlier point in the double-stranded DNA by the 3' strand end invading the strand pair to form a D-loop.