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E-bikes have reached a market share of 10% by 2009, as e-bikes sales quadrupled from 40,000 units to 153,000 between 2006 and 2009, [84] and the electric-powered models represented 25% of the total bicycle sales revenue in that year. [83]
[2] Within the chart “close”, “open”, “mid”, “front”, “central”, and “back” refer to the placement of the sound within the mouth. [3] At points where two sounds share an intersection, the left is unrounded, and the right is rounded which refers to the shape of the lips while making the sound. [4]
Egophony (British English, aegophony) is an increased resonance of voice sounds [1] heard when auscultating the lungs, often caused by lung consolidation and fibrosis.It is due to enhanced transmission of high-frequency sound across fluid, such as in abnormal lung tissue, with lower frequencies filtered out.
Vocal range is the range of pitches that a human voice can phonate.A common application is within the context of singing, where it is used as a defining characteristic for classifying singing voices into voice types. [1]
Douglas Stanley (7 April 1890 [1] [note 1] – 19 April 1958) was an English-born American vocal pedagogue and scientist. Best known as the voice teacher of Nelson Eddy and Cornelius Reid, he was at the forefront of the field of voice science, pioneering instruments, methodologies, and techniques of standardization in researching and measuring vocal acoustics, use, and behaviors—especially ...
Various types of chest or head noises can be made in different registers of the voice. This happens through differing vibratory patterns of the vocal folds and manipulation of the laryngeal muscles. [10] "Chest voice" and "head voice" can be considered the simplest registers to differentiate between. However, there are other sounds other than ...
The 21st-Century Voice: Contemporary and Traditional Extra-Normal Voice. Lanham: Scarecrow Press.- ISBN 978-0-8108-5354-6; Fuks, Leonardo; Hammarberg, Britta; Sundberg, John (1998): "A self-sustained vocal-ventricular phonation mode: acoustical, aerodynamic and glottographic evidences", KTH TMH-QPSR 3/1998, 49–59, Stockholm
This is because changes between normal and Lombard speech include: [6] [7] increase in phonetic fundamental frequencies; shift in energy from low frequency bands to middle or high bands; increase in sound intensity; increase in vowel duration; spectral tilting; shift in formant center frequencies for F1 (mainly) and F2