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Spreading activation is a method for searching associative networks, biological and artificial neural networks, or semantic networks. [1] The search process is initiated by labeling a set of source nodes (e.g. concepts in a semantic network) with weights or "activation" and then iteratively propagating or "spreading" that activation out to other nodes linked to the source nodes.
Next to the motivational and emotional system, Psi-theory suggests a neuro-symbolic model of representation, which encodes semantic relationships in a hierarchical spreading activation network. The representations are grounded in sensors and actuators, and are acquired by autonomous exploration.
The spreading activation model is a model in connectionist theory sometimes designed to represent how concepts are activated in relation to one another. Though it is typically applied to information search processes like recognition, brainstorming, and recall, it can be used to explain how concepts are combined as well as connected.
Semantic networks contributed to the ideas of spreading activation, inheritance, and nodes as proto-objects. One process of constructing semantic networks, known also as co-occurrence networks , includes identifying keywords in the text, calculating the frequencies of co-occurrences, and analyzing the networks to find central words and clusters ...
Similar to her husband's (John Anderson) model, ACT-R, the node activations are governed by a set of common computational principles such as spreading activation and the strengthening and decay of activation. However, a unique feature of the SAC model are episode nodes, which are newly formed memory traces that binds the concepts involved with ...
More recently, ACT-R has been used to predict patterns of brain activation during imaging experiments. [30] In this field, ACT-R models have been successfully used to predict prefrontal and parietal activity in memory retrieval, [31] anterior cingulate activity for control operations, [32] and practice-related changes in brain activity. [33]
That is, the presentation of associated words could spread activation through an associative network to the absent lure word, and thus the false recognition of words could be due to residual activation. This model explains the higher false recognition in the second experiment as a product of more activation being spread due to the longer word ...
The concept of "spreading activation" has also been explored by media and social science research. Spreading activation refers to a process "whereby media coverage serves to increase the salience of an issue in a person's mind, resulting in that issue being more likely to serve as a standard by which related issues are evaluated."