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The Apolaki Caldera is a volcanic caldera with a diameter of 150 kilometers (93 mi), making it the world's largest caldera. It is located within the Benham Rise (Philippine Rise) and was discovered in 2019 by Jenny Anne Barretto, a Filipino marine geophysicist and her team.
Volcanoes in the country have erupted within the last 600 years, with accounts of these eruptions documented by humans; or have erupted within the last 10,000 years . There are 100 volcanoes in the Philippines listed by the Smithsonian Institution 's Global Volcanism Program (GVP) at present, [ 6 ] of which 20 are categorized as "historical ...
The magma feeding these volcanoes is basalt, which is silica poor. As a result, the magma is much less viscous than the magma of a rhyolitic volcano, and the magma chamber is drained by large lava flows rather than by explosive events. The resulting calderas are also known as subsidence calderas and can form more gradually than explosive calderas.
The Philippine archipelago is bounded by subduction zones which makes the region volcanically active. The most active volcano in the Philippines is the Mayon Volcano located in southeastern Luzon. [36] It is related to the subduction of Philippine Sea plate beneath the Philippine Mobile Belt. [4] Earthquakes (mag >6.0) in the Philippines (2019)
Several lakes in the Philippines, like Lake Danao in Leyte (pictured), are volcanic in origin. The origin of many lakes in the Philippines is closely related to volcanic and tectonic activity. A number of smaller lakes occupy the craters of extinct volcanoes. Some lake basins are developed by subsidence due to tectonic or volcanic activity
The Philippines' Kanlaon volcano erupted for nearly four minutes, shooting ash 2.5 miles into the sky and prompting the emergency evacuation of some 87,000 people.
Cabalian Lake (Lake Danao) is a 500 m (1,600 ft) wide crater lake that occupies the summit crater of the volcano. The surface elevation of the lake is at 733 metres (2,405 ft). This lake is often confused with Lake Danao, which is located near Ormoc City in Leyte province.
The Leonard Kniaseff Volcano's area has been an object to a geothermal exploration program. [3]Manat thermal area is north of Lake Leonard, solfataras occur around its southwest rim, and active solfataras, fumaroles, and hot springs are found in the Amacan-Gopod thermal area south of the lake.