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Post-quantum cryptography (PQC), sometimes referred to as quantum-proof, quantum-safe, or quantum-resistant, is the development of cryptographic algorithms (usually public-key algorithms) that are currently thought to be secure against a cryptanalytic attack by a quantum computer.
Quantum cryptography is the science of exploiting quantum mechanical properties to perform cryptographic tasks. [1] [2] The best known example of quantum cryptography is quantum key distribution, which offers an information-theoretically secure solution to the key exchange problem. The advantage of quantum cryptography lies in the fact that it ...
Europe's financial sector should start preparing now for quantum computers to be able to break some forms of encryption widely used to protect sensitive data, a Europol-led body set up to address ...
Other encryption techniques like elliptic curve cryptography and symmetric key encryption are also vulnerable to quantum computing. [citation needed] While quantum computing could be a threat to encryption security in the future, quantum computing as it currently stands is still very limited. Quantum computing currently is not commercially ...
Kyber is a key encapsulation mechanism (KEM) designed to be resistant to cryptanalytic attacks with future powerful quantum computers.It is used to establish a shared secret between two communicating parties without an attacker in the transmission system being able to decrypt it.
Academic research on the potential impact of quantum computing dates back to at least 2001. [6] A NIST published report from April 2016 cites experts that acknowledge the possibility of quantum technology to render the commonly used RSA algorithm insecure by 2030. [7] As a result, a need to standardize quantum-secure cryptographic primitives ...
The process of quantum key distribution is not to be confused with quantum cryptography, as it is the best-known example of a quantum-cryptographic task. An important and unique property of quantum key distribution is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key.
In September 2022, the NSA announced CNSA 2.0, which includes its first recommendations for post-quantum cryptographic algorithms. [10] CNSA 2.0 includes: [2] Advanced Encryption Standard with 256 bit keys; Module-Lattice-Based Key-Encapsulation Mechanism Standard (ML-KEM aka CRYSTALS-Kyber) with parameter set ML-KEM-1024