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Cytochrome b is a protein found in the membranes of aerobic cells. In eukaryotic mitochondria (inner membrane) and in aerobic prokaryotes , cytochrome b is a component of respiratory chain complex III ( EC 1.10.2.2 ) — also known as the bc1 complex or ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase.
Location of the MT-CYB gene in the human mitochondrial genome (coral box).. Cytochrome b is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MT-CYB gene. [5] Its gene product is a subunit of the respiratory chain protein ubiquinol–cytochrome c reductase (UQCR, complex III or cytochrome bc 1 complex), which consists of the products of one mitochondrially encoded gene, MT-CYB (mitochondrial ...
Complex IV contains a cytochrome a/a3-domain that transfers electrons and catalyzes the reaction of oxygen to water. Photosystem II, the first protein complex in the light-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis, contains a cytochrome b subunit. Cyclooxygenase 2, an enzyme involved in inflammation, is a cytochrome b protein.
Within this complex, the cytochrome b-245, beta chain has an alpha chain partner (produced from the CYBA gene). Both alpha and beta chains are required for either to function and the NADPH oxidase complex requires both chains in order to be functional. It has been proposed as a primary component of the microbicidal oxidase system of phagocytes.
The cytochrome b 6 f complex is a dimer, with each monomer composed of eight subunits. [3] These consist of four large subunits: a 32 kDa cytochrome f with a c-type cytochrome, a 25 kDa cytochrome b 6 with a low- and high-potential heme group, a 19 kDa Rieske iron-sulfur protein containing a [2Fe-2S] cluster, and a 17 kDa subunit IV; along with four small subunits (3-4 kDa): PetG, PetL, PetM ...
The specialized protein cytochrome b5 is a class B cytochrome with a high and low potential heme b attached to the central iron on the protein. [4] The cytochrome b class is especially unique because it is attached to proteins within the inner mitochondrial membrane instead of on the outer portion, and this particular class has high sequence ...
In healthy brains, tau binds to—and stabilizes—microtubules, which are hollow structures that play important roles in the structure, function, and development of the brain, according to the ...
Cytochrome b is a heterodimer of two glycoproteins, gp91phox (also known as the heavy or β chain) and p22phox (the light or α chain).The heavy and light chains are closely associated in phagocytic cells, but while the expression of gp91phox is restricted to these cells, p22phox has been detected in many other cell types [1] and is able to function as a component of NAD(P)H oxidases. [2]
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