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In computer graphics, the render output unit (ROP) or raster operations pipeline is a hardware component in modern graphics processing units (GPUs) and one of the final steps in the rendering process of modern graphics cards.
The computer graphics pipeline, also known as the rendering pipeline, or graphics pipeline, is a framework within computer graphics that outlines the necessary procedures for transforming a three-dimensional (3D) scene into a two-dimensional (2D) representation on a screen. [1]
Graphics represented as a rectangular grid of pixels. Rasterization Converting vector graphics to raster graphics. This terms also denotes a common method of rendering 3D models in real time. Ray casting Rendering by casting non-recursive rays from the camera into the scene. 2D ray casting is a 2.5D rendering method. Ray marching
These APIs for 3D computer graphics are particularly popular: ANGLE, web browsers graphics engine, a cross-platform translator of OpenGL ES calls to DirectX, OpenGL, or Vulkan API calls. Direct3D (a subset of DirectX) Glide a defunct 3D graphics API developed by 3dfx Interactive. Mantle developed by AMD. Metal developed by Apple.
CDSA—Common Data Security Architecture; CERT—Computer emergency response team; CES—Consumer Electronics Show; CF—Compact Flash; CFD—Computational fluid dynamics; CFG—Context-free grammar; CFG—Control-flow graph; CG—Computer graphics; CGA—Color graphics array; CGI—Common Gateway Interface; CGI—Computer-generated imagery
3-D computer graphics software began appearing for home computers in the late 1970s. The earliest known example is 3D Art Graphics, a set of 3-D computer graphics effects, written by Kazumasa Mitazawa and released in June 1978 for the Apple II. [6] [7] Virtual Reality 3D is a version of 3D computer graphics. [8]
The goal of computer graphics is to generate computer-generated images, or frames, using certain desired metrics. One such metric is the number of frames generated in a given second. Real-time computer graphics systems differ from traditional (i.e., non-real-time) rendering systems in that non-real-time graphics typically rely on ray tracing.
Universal Scene Description (USD) is a framework for interchange of 3D computer graphics data. The framework focuses on collaboration, non-destructive editing, and enabling multiple views and opinions about graphics data. [1] USD is used in many industries including visual effects, architecture, design, robotics, CAD, and rendering. [2] [3]