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  2. Mutual aid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_aid

    Mutual aid is an organizational model where voluntary, collaborative exchanges of resources and services for common benefit take place amongst community members to overcome social, economic, and political barriers to meeting common needs. This can include physical resources like food, clothing, or medicine, as well as services like breakfast ...

  3. Sci-Hub - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sci-Hub

    Alexandra Elbakyan at a conference at Harvard (2010). Sci-Hub was created by Alexandra Elbakyan, who was born in Kazakhstan in 1988. [22] Elbakyan earned her undergraduate degree at Kazakh National Technical University [23] studying information technology, then worked for a year for a computer security firm in Moscow, then joined a research team at the University of Freiburg in Germany in 2010 ...

  4. Co-operative economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-operative_economics

    There are generally five major types of cooperative organizations: Consumers' cooperatives, in which the consumers of a co-operative's goods and services are defined as its members (including retail food co-operatives and grocery stores, credit unions, mutual insurance companies, etc.) (Example: REI, federal credit unions, etc.)

  5. Benefit society - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benefit_society

    Pin button issued by "The Knights and Ladies of Security" of Topeka, Kansas. A benefit society, fraternal benefit society, fraternal benefit order, friendly society, or mutual aid organization is a voluntary association formed to provide mutual aid, benefit, for instance insurance for relief from sundry difficulties.

  6. Mutualism (economic theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)

    The mutualist principle of reciprocity provided the basis for all its proposed institutions, [28] including mutual aid, mutual credit and mutual insurance. Proudhon considered the perfect expression of mutuality to be a synallagmatic contract of equal exchange between equal individuals . [ 29 ]

  7. Alexandra Elbakyan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_Elbakyan

    For her actions in creating Sci-Hub, Elbakyan has been called a hero, [46] [66] for example by Nobel laureate Randy Schekman. [67] Ars Technica has compared her to Aaron Swartz, [68] and The New York Times has compared her to Edward Snowden. [30] Edward Snowden acknowledged Sci-Hub to be one of the most important websites for academics in the ...

  8. Unum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unum

    The Provident companies was founded in Chattanooga, Tennessee in May 1887 as Mutual Medical Aid and Accident Insurance Company. The company originally specialized in providing both medical-aid and accident insurance to employees in high-risk industries, including miners and coal workers. [19]

  9. Mutualism (movement) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutualism_(movement)

    Mutualism, also known as the movement of mutuals and the mutualist movement, is a social movement that aims at creating and promoting mutual organizations, mutual insurances and mutual funds. According to the prominent mutualist Gene Costa, the movement encourages and assists the provision of mutual benefits against risks to those accessing its ...