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The history of the Bulgarian language can be divided into three major periods: Old Bulgarian (from the late 9th until the 11th century); Middle Bulgarian (from the 12th century to the 15th century); Modern Bulgarian (since the 16th century). Bulgarian is a written South Slavic language that dates back to the end of the 9th century.
Bulgarian (/ b ʌ l ˈ ɡ ɛər i ə n / ⓘ, / b ʊ l ˈ-/ bu(u)l-GAIR-ee-ən; български език, bŭlgarski ezik, pronounced [ˈbɤɫɡɐrski] ⓘ) is an Eastern South Slavic language spoken in Southeast Europe, primarily in Bulgaria.
Bulgarian is a South Slavic language that evolved from Old Church Slavonic—the written norm for the Slavic languages in the Middle Ages which derived from Proto-Slavic. Bulgarian is also a part of the Balkan sprachbund , which also includes Greek , Macedonian , Romanian , Albanian and the Torlakian dialect of Serbian.
The History of Bulgaria (The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations) (2011) excerpt and text search; complete text Archived 2020-02-15 at the Wayback Machine; Crampton, R.J. Bulgaria (Oxford History of Modern Europe) (1990) excerpt and text search; also complete text online. Crampton, R.J. A Concise History of Bulgaria (2005) excerpt and ...
The official language of Bulgaria is Bulgarian, [2] which is spoken natively by 85% of the country's population. Other major languages are Turkish (9.1%), and Romani (4.2%) [3] (the two main varieties being Balkan Romani and Vlax Romani).
Bulgarian resistance was led by the Cometopuli brothers, who – based in the unconquered western regions of the Bulgarian Empire – led it until its fall under Byzantine rule in 1018. [1] [2] [3] As the Byzantine-Bulgarian relations deteriorated by the end of the 960s, the Eastern Roman Empire paid the Kievan prince Sviatoslav to
The literature produced in the Old Bulgarian language soon spread north and became the lingua franca of the Balkans and Eastern Europe. [334] [335] Bulgarian scholars and works influenced most of the Slavic world, including Kievan Rus', medieval Serbia, and medieval Croatia, as well as the non-Slavic medieval Wallachia and Moldavia.
A phonological analysis aligned with this view, positing 28 phonemes and viewing the palatalized consonants as allophones, has maintained some currency outside of Bulgaria and has also been (re-)adopted by some Bulgarian linguists since as early as the 1970s and 1980s [9] and even more so after the end of the Communist period.