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The relative length of the digit varies during motion of the IP joints. The length of the palmar aspect decreases during flexion while the dorsal aspect increases by about 24 mm. The useful range of motion of the PIP joint is 30–70°, increasing from the index finger to the little finger.
Swan neck deformity has many of possible causes arising from the DIP, PIP, or even the MCP joints. In all cases, there is a stretching of the volar plate at the PIP joint to allow hyperextension, plus some damage to the attachment of the extensor tendon to the base of the distal phalanx that produces a hyperflexed mallet finger.
They are seen in osteoarthritis, where they are caused by the formation of calcific spurs of the articular (joint) cartilage. Much less commonly, they may be seen in rheumatoid arthritis, where nodes are caused by antibody deposition to the synovium. A Bouchard's node on the proximal interphalangeal joint of the index finger of a 64 year old man.
Boutonniere deformity is a deformed position of the fingers or toes, in which the joint nearest the knuckle (the proximal interphalangeal joint, or PIP) is permanently bent toward the palm while the farthest joint (the distal interphalangeal joint, or DIP) is bent back away (PIP flexion with DIP hyperextension).
In some trigger finger patients, tenderness is found in the dorsal proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint. Dorsal PIP joint tenderness is more common in trigger fingers than previously thought. It is also associated with higher and prolonged levels of postoperative pain after A1 pulley release. Therefore, patients with pre-existing PIP tenderness ...
Heberden's nodes are hard or bony swellings that can develop in the distal interphalangeal joints (DIP) (the joints closest to the end of the fingers and toes). [1] They are a sign of osteoarthritis and are caused by formation of osteophytes (calcific spurs) of the articular (joint) cartilage in response to repeated trauma at the joint.
Joints are formed wherever two or more of these bones meet. Each of the fingers has three joints: metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP) – the joint at the base of the finger; proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) – the joint in the middle of the finger; distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) – the joint closest to the fingertip.
The index finger is still extended at the metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP joint) when the ulnar nerve innervated muscles (the interossei muscles) are still working. The index finger is not flexed at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints, which looks like a pointing finger. Pointing Finger is therefore a much ...