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Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. [5] This includes use as an eye ointment to treat conjunctivitis. [6] By mouth or by injection into a vein, it is used to treat meningitis, plague, cholera, and typhoid fever. [5]
Mildred Catherine Rebstock (November 29, 1919 – February 17, 2011) was an American pharmaceutical chemist.She and her team were the first to fully synthesize chloromycetin, also known as chloramphenicol.
Examples of amphenicols include chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, azidamfenicol, and florfenicol. The first-in-class compound was chloramphenicol, introduced in 1949. Chloramphenicol was initially discovered as a natural product and isolated from the soil bacteria Streptomyces venezuelae; [2] however, all amphenicols are now made by chemical ...
Streptomyces venezuelae [1] is a species of soil-dwelling [2] Gram-positive bacterium of the genus Streptomyces. [3] S. venezuelae is filamentous.In its spore-bearing stage, hyphae perfuse both above ground as aerial hyphae and in the soil substrate. [3]
1949 – chloramphenicol, the first amphenicol [2] 1949 – neomycin; 1950 – oxytetracycline; 1950 – penicillin G procaine; 1952 – erythromycin, the first macrolide [2] 1954 – benzathine penicillin; 1955 – spiramycin; 1955 – tetracycline; 1955 – thiamphenicol; 1955 – vancomycin, the first glycopeptide; 1956 ...
Eye drops used in managing glaucoma help the eye's fluid to drain better and decrease the amount of fluid made by the eye which decreases eye pressure. They are classified by their active ingredient and they include: prostaglandin analogs , beta blockers , alpha agonists, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors .
Tetracycline use should be avoided in pregnant or lactating women, and in children with developing teeth because they may result in permanent staining (dark yellow-gray teeth with a darker horizontal band that goes across the top and bottom rows of teeth), and possibly affect the growth of teeth and bones.
Thiamphenicol is also widely used in Brazil, particularly for the treatment of sexually transmitted infections such as pelvic inflammatory disease. [3] Unlike chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol is not readily metabolized in cattle, poultry, sheep, or humans, but is predominantly excreted unchanged.