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Owl butterflies are very large, 65–200 mm (2.6–7.9 in), and fly only a few meters at a time, so avian predators have little difficulty in following them to their settling place. However, the butterflies preferentially fly in dusk, when few avian predators are around. [ 1 ]
They are commonly known as the owl butterflies. [2] Taenaris are showy medium to large butterflies with predominantly white wings often featuring extensive patches of black, gray, or tan coloration. They are best known for their rounded hindwings which feature well developed eyespots, most of which are yellow in color with blue-black "pupils". [2]
Taenaris catops, the silky owl, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. [1] It is found in New Guinea and surrounding islands. The wingspan is 75–95 mm. The larvae feed on Cordyline terminalis, Musa species, Areca catechu, and Caryota rumphiana.
Caligo idomeneus, the Idomeneus giant owl, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. [1] The species can be found in the Amazon rainforest and eastern Andes, from Venezuela to Ecuador, and south to the Mato Grosso in southern Brazil. The butterfly is named for Idomeneus, the leader of the Cretan army during the Trojan War.
Dorsal view. Caligo illioneus has a wingspan reaching about 12–15 centimetres (4.7–5.9 in). In this large owl butterfly the dorsal sides of the wings vary from light brilliant blue to purplish with dark brown edges, while the undersides have a highly cryptic dull brown color, with huge yellow-rimmed eyespots resembling to the eyes of an owl.
Caligo atreus, the yellow-edged giant owl, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. The species can be found from Mexico to Peru. [1] Upperside. The wingspan is 140–160 mm. The larvae feed on Musa and Heliconia species and can be a pest for banana cultivation. Adults feed on juices of rotting fruit.
Caligo brasiliensis, the Brazilian owl, sulanus owl, or almond-eyed owl, [1] is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. The species can be found in most of South America as various subspecies, including Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador. Its range extends through Trinidad, Honduras, Guatemala and Panama north to Mexico.
Caligo oileus, the Oileus giant owl, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. The species can be found from Mexico to northern South America . The larvae feed on Heliconia and Musa species.