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The pH of water must match that of seawater (pH 7.8–8.4) in order for sponge production to be maximized. Sponges are sensitive to temperature, and extreme fluctuations in ambient temperature can negatively affect the health of sea sponges. High temperatures lead to crashes in sponge cultures.
All freshwater and most shallow-water marine sponges have leuconid bodies. The networks of water passages in glass sponges are similar to the leuconid structure. [18] In all three types of structure, the cross-section area of the choanocyte-lined regions is much greater than that of the intake and outlet channels.
Shirley A. Pomponi is an American marine biologist who studies sea sponges. Pomponi found a Discodermia dissoluta specimen in 1987, and a compound from it was used as a cancer drug. Her research on sponges led to the anti-herpes medicine Zovirax being created, and her research on cone snails led to the pain killer Prialt being created.
Hexactinellid sponges require a hard substrate, and do not anchor to muddy or sandy sea floors. [6] They are found only where sedimentation rates are low, dissolved silica is high (43–75 μM), and bottom currents are between 0.15 and 0.30 m/s. [5] Dissolved oxygen is low (64–152 μM), and temperatures are a cool 5.5-7.3 °C at the reefs. [5]
The study’s authors collected sponges from waters at least 100 feet deep off Puerto Rico and near the island of St. Croix, analyzed their skeletons’ chemical composition, charted their ...
Stromatoporoidea is an extinct clade of sea sponges common in the fossil record from the Middle Ordovician to the Late Devonian. [1] They can be characterized by their densely layered calcite skeletons lacking spicules.
Chondrocladia lyra, also known as the lyre sponge or harp sponge, is a species of carnivorous deep-sea sponge first discovered off the Californian coast living at depths of 10,800–11,500 feet (3,300–3,500 m) by Welton L. Lee, Henry M Reiswig, William C. Austin, and Lonny Lundsten from the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI).
Michigan is home to a surprising array of crops, including wild rice, mint, asparagus and sugar. Here are 10 things that grow in the state.