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The Act 9 Geo. 1.c. 22, commonly known as the Black Act, [2] or the Waltham Black Act, [3] and sometimes called the Black Act 1722, [4] the Black Act 1723, [5] the Waltham Black Act 1722, [6] the Criminal Law Act 1722, [7] or the Criminal Law Act 1723, [8] [9] was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain.
Poaching, like smuggling, has a long history in the United Kingdom. The verb poach is derived from the Middle English word pocchen literally meaning bagged, enclosed in a bag, which is cognate with "pouch". [17] [18] Poaching was dispassionately reported for England in "Pleas of the Forest", transgressions of the rigid Anglo-Norman forest law. [19]
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The Louisiana free people of color were often literate and educated, with a significant number owning businesses, properties, and even slaves. [134] [135] Although Code Noir forbade interracial marriages, interracial unions were widespread. Whether there was a formalized system of concubinage, known as plaçage, is subject to debate.
For example, in South Carolina 40% of bills of sale for slaves from the 1700s to the present included a female buyer or seller. [136] Women also governed their slaves in a manner similar to men, engaging in the same levels of physical disciplining. Like men, they brought lawsuits against those who jeopardized their ownership to their slaves. [137]
By the middle of the 18th century, New England's population had grown dramatically, going from about 100,000 people in 1700 to 250,000 in 1725 and 375,000 in 1750 thanks to high birth rates and relatively high overall life expectancy. (A 15-year-old boy in 1700 could expect to live to about 63.)
People unable to pay back debts could be sentenced to work as slaves to the persons owed until the debts were worked off. Enslavement was also a possible sentence for the crimes of thievery, rape and poaching. [11] The Mayan [12] [13] and Aztec [14] civilizations both practiced slavery.
1828: The Night Poaching Act 1828, forbids poaching by night, still in force; introduces penal transportation as a penalty for poaching. 1831: The Game Act 1831 (1 & 2 Will. 4. c. 32), established close seasons, and removed the Qualification restriction. Game became the property of whoever owned the land that it was on at the time.