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A cache coherence protocol is used to maintain cache coherency. The two main types are snooping and directory-based protocols. Cache coherence is of particular relevance in multiprocessing systems, where each CPU may have its own local cache of a shared memory resource. Coherent caches: The value in all the caches' copies is the same.
This cache does not have permission to modify the copy. Unlike the MESI protocol, a shared cache line may be dirty with respect to memory; if it is, one cache has a copy in the Owned state, and that cache is responsible for eventually updating main memory. If no cache holds the line in the Owned state, the memory copy is up to date.
– The cache is set M (D) if the "shared line" is off, otherwise is set O (SD). All the other copies are set S (V) Cache in E (R) or M (D) state (exclusiveness) – The write can take place locally without any other action. The state is set (or remains) M (D) Write Miss – Write Allocate – Read with Intent to Modified operation
Once the cache block is in the Modified (M) state and there is a bus read (BusRd) request, the block flushes (Flush) the modified data and changes the state to owned (O), thus making it the sole owner for that particular cache block. At the same time, when it is in the modified (M) state, there is never going to be a bus write request (BusUpgr ...
In computer engineering, directory-based cache coherence is a type of cache coherence mechanism, where directories are used to manage caches in place of bus snooping. Bus snooping methods scale poorly due to the use of broadcasting. These methods can be used to target both performance and scalability of directory systems. [1]
The MESIF protocol is a cache coherency and memory coherence protocol developed by Intel for cache coherent non-uniform memory architectures. [1] The protocol consists of five states, Modified (M), Exclusive (E), Shared (S), Invalid (I) and Forward (F).
Bus snooping or bus sniffing is a scheme by which a coherency controller (snooper) in a cache (a snoopy cache) monitors or snoops the bus transactions, and its goal is to maintain a cache coherency in distributed shared memory systems. This scheme was introduced by Ravishankar and Goodman in 1983, under the name "write-once" cache coherency. [1]
Directory-based coherence is a mechanism to handle cache coherence problem in distributed shared memory (DSM) a.k.a. non-uniform memory access (NUMA). Another popular way is to use a special type of computer bus between all the nodes as a "shared bus" (a.k.a. system bus ). [ 1 ]