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Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are mechanisms controlled and monitored by computer algorithms, tightly integrated with the internet and its users.In cyber-physical systems, physical and software components are deeply intertwined, able to operate on different spatial and temporal scales, exhibit multiple and distinct behavioral modalities, and interact with each other in ways that change with ...
Cyberspace is an interconnected digital environment. It is a type of virtual world popularized with the rise of the Internet. [1] [2] The term entered popular culture from science fiction and the arts but is now used by technology strategists, security professionals, governments, military and industry leaders and entrepreneurs to describe the domain of the global technology environment ...
Significant cyber incident is defined by PPD-41 as a cyber incident that is (or group of related cyber incidents that together are) likely to result in demonstrable harm to the national security interests, foreign relations, or economy of the United States or to the public confidence, civil liberties, or public health and safety of the American ...
United States federal research funders use the term cyberinfrastructure to describe research environments that support advanced data acquisition, data storage, data management, data integration, data mining, data visualization and other computing and information processing services distributed over the Internet beyond the scope of a single institution.
German reunification in 1990, with the democratic West absorbing the ex-Communist East. The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, replaced by a friendly Russia and 14 other countries. Except for Tiananmen Square in China, all the events strongly favored the United States. Bush took the initiative in the invasion of Panama and the START treaties.
June 2015 – United States Office of Personnel Management (OPM) announced that it had been the target of a data breach targeting personnel records. [9] Approximately 22.1 million records were affected, including records related to government employees, other people who had undergone background checks, and their friends and family. [10] [11]
The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) is a component of the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) responsible for cybersecurity and infrastructure protection across all levels of government, coordinating cybersecurity programs with U.S. states, and improving the government's cybersecurity protections against private and nation-state hackers. [4]
June: the records of 21.5 million people, including social security numbers, dates of birth, addresses, fingerprints, and security clearance-related information, are stolen from the United States Office of Personnel Management (OPM). [100] Most of the victims are employees of the United States government and unsuccessful applicants to it.