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An addition sequence for the set of integer S ={n 0, ..., n r-1} is an addition chain v that contains every element of S. For example, an addition sequence computing {47,117,343,499}
A vector addition system (VAS) is one of several mathematical modeling languages for the description of distributed systems.Vector addition systems were introduced by Richard M. Karp and Raymond E. Miller in 1969, [1] and generalized to vector addition systems with states (VASS) by John E. Hopcroft and Jean-Jacques Pansiot in 1979. [2]
The same techniques can be applied to similar problems, such as calculation of the component of a vector in a plane and perpendicular to the plane. For three dimensions the projective and rejective components of a vector with respect to an arbitrary non-zero unit vector, can be expressed in terms of the dot and cross product
Vector addition and scalar multiplication: a vector v (blue) is added to another vector w (red, upper illustration). Below, w is stretched by a factor of 2, yielding the sum v + 2w . In mathematics and physics , a vector space (also called a linear space) is a set whose elements, often called vectors , can be added together and multiplied ...
In mathematics, vector algebra may mean: The operations of vector addition and scalar multiplication of a vector space; The algebraic operations in vector calculus (vector analysis) – including the dot and cross products of 3-dimensional Euclidean space; Algebra over a field – a vector space equipped with a bilinear product
Examples include the familiar arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication. Other examples are readily found in different areas of mathematics, such as vector addition, matrix multiplication, and conjugation in groups. A binary function that involves several sets is sometimes also called a binary operation.
A spectacular year awaits, Taurus!According to Thomas' predictions, 2025 is going to bring forth many "surprises and fresh starts" your way. If the past few years have seemed like a whirlwind ...
A covector or cotangent vector has components that co-vary with a change of basis in the corresponding (initial) vector space. That is, the components must be transformed by the same matrix as the change of basis matrix in the corresponding (initial) vector space. The components of covectors (as opposed to those of vectors) are said to be ...