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  2. Paraformaldehyde - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraformaldehyde

    Paraformaldehyde is not a fixative; it must be depolymerized to formaldehyde in solution. In cell culture, a typical formaldehyde fixing procedure would involve using a 4% formaldehyde solution in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on ice for 10 minutes. In histology and pathology specimens preparation, usually, the fixation step is performed ...

  3. Karnovsky fixative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnovsky_fixative

    2.0 g paraformaldehyde; 25 ml distilled water; 1M sodium hydroxide 2 to 4 drops; 50% glutaraldehyde 5.0 ml; 0.2M cacodylate buffer, pH 7.4, 20.0 ml; Mix the paraformaldehyde with 25 ml of distilled water in a 125 ml Erlenmeyer flask. Heat to 60 °C on a stir plate. When moisture forms on the sides of flask, add sodium hydroxide and stir until ...

  4. Fixation (histology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixation_(histology)

    In the fields of histology, pathology, and cell biology, fixation is the preservation of biological tissues from decay due to autolysis or putrefaction. It terminates any ongoing biochemical reactions and may also increase the treated tissues' mechanical strength or stability.

  5. Methanediol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanediol

    The compound is closely related and convertible to the industrially significant derivatives paraformaldehyde ((CH 2 O) n), formaldehyde (H 2 C=O), and 1,3,5-trioxane ((CH 2 O) 3). [3] Methanediol is a product of the hydration of formaldehyde. The equilibrium constant for hydration is estimated to be 10 3, [4] CH 2 (OH) 2 predominates in dilute ...

  6. Cryofixation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryofixation

    Cryofixation is a technique for fixation or stabilisation of biological materials as the first step in specimen preparation for the electron microscopy and cryo-electron microscopy. [1] Typical specimens for cryofixation include small samples of plant or animal tissue , cell suspensions of microorganisms or cultured cells , suspensions of ...

  7. Embalming chemicals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embalming_chemicals

    Embalming fluid acts to fix cellular proteins, meaning that they cannot act as a nutrient source for bacteria; embalming fluid also kills the bacteria themselves. Formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde fixes tissue or cells by irreversibly connecting a primary amine group in a protein molecule with a nearby nitrogen in a protein or DNA molecule through ...

  8. Formylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formylation

    The direct reaction between phenol and paraformaldehyde is possible via the Casiraghi formylation, [4] but other methods apply masked forms of formaldehyde, in part to limit the formation of phenol formaldehyde resins. Aldehydes are strongly deactivating and as such phenols typically only react once.

  9. ISO 10628 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_10628

    ISO 10628 Diagrams for the chemical and petrochemical industry specifies the classification, content, and representation of flow diagrams. It does not apply to electrical engineering diagrams. ISO 10628 consists of the following parts: Part 1: Specification of Diagrams (ISO 10628-1:2014) [1] Part 2: Graphical Symbols (ISO 10628-2:2012)