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This list contains the top 500 cities by PM2.5 annual mean concentration measurement as documented by the World Health Organization covering the period from 2010 to 2022. The January 2024 version of the WHO database contains results of ambient (outdoor) air pollution monitoring from almost 5,390 towns and cities in 63 countries.
Below is a list of 526 cities sorted by their annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m 3) in 2022. [1] [2] By default the least polluted cities which have fewest particulates in the air come first.
2 5 160 100 35 100 150 500 80 200 150 4 10 ... Frequently updated CAQI values and maps are shown on www.airqualitynow.eu ... ground-level ozone, particulate matter, ...
The following list of countries by air pollution sorts the countries of the world according to their average measured concentration of particulate matter in micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m 3). The World Health Organization's recommended limit is 5 micrograms per cubic meter, although there are also various national guideline values, which are ...
In a study conducted by Yale University, 'Environmental Inequality in Exposures to Airborne Particulate Matter Components in the United States', Hispanics were exposed to 10 out of the 14 pollutants (e.g., 152% higher than whites for chlorine, 94% higher for aluminum), African Americans were exposed to 13 out of the 14 pollutants (e.g., 43% ...
Particulate matter (PM), particularly PM2.5, was found to be harmful to aquatic invertebrates. [41] These aquatic invertebrates include fish, crustaceans, and Mollusca. In a study by Han et al, the effects of PM<2.5 micrometers on life history traits and oxidative stress were observed in Tigriopus japonicus.
The guidelines stipulate that PM 2.5 should not exceed 5 μg/m 3 annual mean, or 15 μg/m 3 24-hour mean; and that PM 10 should not exceed 15 μg/m 3 annual mean, or 45 μg/m 3 24-hour mean. [2] For ozone (O 3 ), the guidelines suggest values no higher than 100 μg/m 3 for an 8-hour mean and 60 μg/m 3 peak season mean. [ 2 ]
PM is most usually (but not always) expressed as mg/m 3 of air or other gas at a specified temperature and pressure. For gases, volume percent = mole percent 1 volume percent = 10,000 ppmv (i.e., parts per million by volume) with a million being defined as 10 6 .