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With the Acts of Union 1800 (which came into force on 1 January 1801), a new political framework was formed with the abolition of the Irish Parliament and incorporation of Ireland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The result was a closer tie between Anglicans and the formerly republican Presbyterians as part of a "loyal ...
This was the biggest massacre of Protestants during the rebellion, and one of the bloodiest during the Irish Confederate Wars. The Portadown massacre, and others like it, terrified Protestants in Ireland and Great Britain, and were used to justify the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland and later to lobby against Catholic rights.
1,505 Catholic families; 315 Protestant families; Catholics generally fled across the border into the Republic of Ireland, while Protestants generally fled to east Belfast. [63] The Irish Defence Forces set up refugee camps in the Republic – at one point the Gormanston refugee camp held 6,000 refugees from Northern Ireland. [63]
The Orange Order was founded by Ulster Protestants in County Armagh in 1795, during a period of Protestant–Catholic sectarian conflict, as a fraternity sworn to maintain the Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland. The all-island Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland was established in 1798.
Almost 1,000 homes and businesses in Belfast were destroyed, about 80% of them Catholic and 20% Protestant. [40] More than 10,000 people became refugees, most of them Catholics who generally fled to other parts of Ireland. [40] About 8,000 Catholics and 2,000 Protestants were forced to move within Belfast alone. [40]
Ramble Inn attack – the UVF killed six civilians (five Protestants, one Catholic) in a gun attack at a pub near Antrim. The pub was targeted because it was owned by Catholics. The victims were Frank Scott, Ernest Moore, James McCallion, Joseph Ellis, James Francey (all Protestants) and Oliver Woulahan, a Catholic. [75] 21 July
The shift comes a century after the Northern Ireland state was established with the aim of maintaining a pro-British, Protestant "unionist" majority as a counterweight to the newly independent ...
A political map of Ireland, the United Kingdom and the Crown Dependencies - The Irish state's official name is "Ireland" but the description "Republic of Ireland" is used for it in the map. The term British Isles to refer to the entire archipelago is an officially disputed term by Ireland as, by definition, not all the isles are "British".