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The Lancaster House conferences were three meetings (1960, 1962, 1963) in which Kenya's constitutional framework and independence were negotiated. The first conference was under the chairmanship of Secretary of State for the Colonies Iain Macleod in January 1960. There was no agreement, and Macleod issued an interim constitution. [1]
Independence constitution is the name commonly given by African political scientists to originating constitutions (many of which are extant) of former British colonies, primarily in Africa, which gained their independence approximately 1960-1990.
A codified constitution is a constitution that is contained in a single document, which is the single source of constitutional law in a state. An uncodified constitution is one that is not contained in a single document, but consists of several different sources, which may be written or unwritten.
It was clear that although this was named the Independence Constitution, the British still had a high level of control over their former colony. [5] Additionally, while the interests of the KANU and KADU can be seen throughout the Independence Constitution, the concerns of minority tribes and people throughout Kenya were rarely considered.
Constitutional reform in Kenya has been a major issue since Kenya gained independence. The highlights of the evolution of Kenya's constitution can be highlighted by the following events: 1963 – Kenya's 1963 independence constitution provides for a multi-party parliamentary system. Jomo Kenyatta is installed as Kenya's first Prime Minister.
A British Order-in-Council enacted Nigeria's first constitution as a sovereign state. It came into force upon the country's independence on 1 October 1960. Under this constitution, Nigeria retained Queen Elizabeth II as titular head of state, Queen of Nigeria. Nnamdi Azikiwe represented the queen as Governor-General. [13]
11 August 1960: Independence from France 3 February 1997: Aouzou Strip awarded to Chad Comoros: 6 July 1975: Independence from France declared Democratic Republic of Congo: 17 May 1997: 30 June 1960: Independence from Belgium Republic of Congo: 15 August 1960: Independence from France Djibouti: 27 June 1977: Independence from France Egypt: 18 ...
The Federation of Nigeria was a predecessor to modern-day Nigeria from 1954 to 1963. It was a British protectorate until its independence on 1 October 1960. British rule of Colonial Nigeria ended in 1960, when the Nigeria Independence Act 1960 [2] made the federation an independent sovereign state.