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  2. Magistrate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magistrate

    The position of stipendiary magistrate in New Zealand was renamed in 1980 to that of district court judge. The position was often known simply as "magistrate" or with the postnominal initials "SM" in newspapers' court reports. In the late 1990s, a position of community magistrate was created for District Courts on a trial basis. A community ...

  3. Deviancy amplification spiral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deviancy_amplification_spiral

    Judges and magistrates then come under public pressure to deal out harsher sentences and politicians pass new laws to increase their popularity by giving the impression that they are dealing with the perceived threat.

  4. File:Introduction to Sociology-v3.0.pdf - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Introduction_to...

    English: This is a PDF version of the Introduction to Sociology Wikibook This file was created with MediaWiki to LaTeX . The LaTeX source code is attached to the PDF file (see imprint).

  5. Judiciary of Tanzania - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary_of_Tanzania

    Under the Constitution of Tanzania, Justices and Magistrates are independent of the government and subject only to the Constitution and the law. The country has a dual juristition system where there is a judicial structure responsible for Tanzania Mainland and another for Zanzibar. The Court of Appeal of the United Republic was established in ...

  6. Ordinary court - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinary_court

    Cour de cassation in France is an example of a supreme ordinary court.. Ordinary court or judicial court is a type of court with comprehensive subject-matter jurisdiction compared to 'specialized court' with limited jurisdiction over specific field of matters, such as intellectual property court.

  7. Traditional authority - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_authority

    In sociology, the concept of traditional authority (domination) comes from Max Weber's tripartite classification of authority, the other two forms being charismatic authority and rational-legal authority. All of those three domination types represent an example of his ideal type concept. Weber noted that in history those ideal types of ...

  8. Robert Bierstedt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bierstedt

    In his 1959 presidential address "Sociology and Humane Learning" to the Eastern Sociological Society he argued for the role of debate in sociology and the importance of what he referred to as the "theoretic bias" in interpreting social phenomena. Bierstedt was a rationalist, critiquing what he saw as the prevalent empiricism of his time.

  9. Judiciary of Italy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary_of_Italy

    The Italian judiciary is also made up of honorary magistrates, who support career magistrates in handling the workload that stems from lesser significant disputes. Litigation in Italy is known to bring about significant delays prior one can obtain a ruling, that is the so-called Italian torpedo .