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The Epic-Puranic chronology is a timeline of Hindu mythology based on the Itihasa (the Sanskrit Epics, that is, the Mahabharata and the Ramayana) and the Puranas.These texts have an authoritative status in Indian tradition, and narrate cosmogeny, royal chronologies, myths and legendary events.
The main bodhisattva appear prominently in sculpture for the first time, [40] as in the paintings at Ajanta. Buddhist, Hindu and Jain sculpture all show the same style, [41] and there is a "growing likeness of form" between figures from the different religions, which continued after the Gupta period. [32]
The first Indo-Greek kings, also sometimes called "Indo-Bactrian", from Demetrius I (200–190 BCE) to Eucratides (170–145 BCE) ruled simultaneously,the areas of Bactria and northwestern India, until they were completely expelled from Bactria and the eastern Bactrian capital city of Ai-Khanoum by invading nomads, probably the Yuezhi, or possibly the Sakas, circa 145 BCE.
[91] [92] The ancient Greek texts of the time of Alexander the Great call Shiva "Indian Dionysus", or alternatively call Dionysus "god of the Orient". [91] Similarly, the use of phallic symbol [ note 2 ] as an icon for Shiva is also found for Irish, Nordic, Greek (Dionysus [ 93 ] ) and Roman deities, as was the idea of this aniconic column ...
The Pataliputra capital, a Hellenistic anta capital found in the Mauryan Empire palace of Pataliputra, India, dated to the 3rd century BCE. Hellenistic influence on Indian art and architecture reflects the artistic and architectural influence of the Greeks on Indian art following the conquests of Alexander the Great, from the end of the 4th century BCE to the first centuries of the common era.
1600 BCE: The ancient development of Stonehenge came to an end. 1500 BCE: The Vedic period began in India after the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilisation. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE: The oldest of the Hindu Vedas (scriptures), the Rigveda was composed. [21] [22] [23] This is the first mention of Rudra, a fearsome form of Shiva as the supreme god.
Statue of Kalki's incarnation on a wall of Rani Ki Vav (The Queen's Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat, India. A minor text named Kalki Purana is a relatively recent text, likely composed in Bengal. Its dating floruit is the 18th-century. [21] Wendy Doniger dates the Kalki Mythology containing Kalki Purana to between 1500 and 1700 CE. [22]
This would tend to suggest that the first statues were created between 130 BCE (death of Menander) and 50 BCE, precisely at the time when Buddhist symbolism appeared on Indo-Greek coinage. From that time, Menander and his successors may have been the key propagators of Buddhist ideas and representations: "the spread of Gandhari Buddhism may ...