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Organ trade (also known as the blood market or the red market) is the trading of human organs, tissues, or other body products, usually for transplantation. [1] [2] According to the World Health Organization (WHO), organ trade is a commercial transplantation where there is a profit, or transplantations that occur outside of national medical systems.
The illegal organ trade is growing, and a recent report by Global Financial Integrity estimates that globally it generates profits between $0.6 billion and $1.2 billion per year In some cases, criminal organizations have engaged in kidnapping of people, especially children and teens, who are murdered and their organs harvested for profit. [1]
Transplant professionals involved in the process of organ trafficking, in some cases, fail to pay attention to or recognize the possible illegal source of the organs. The tacit agreement of silence between patients and transplant professionals keeps doctors at a distance from discovering the legality of the organ source. [ 20 ]
Trafficking in organs is a form of human trafficking. It can take different forms. In some cases, the victim is compelled into giving up an organ. In other cases, the victim agrees to sell an organ in exchange of money/goods, but is not paid (or paid less). Finally, the victim may have the organ removed without the victim's knowledge (usually ...
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), illegal organ trade occurs when organs are removed from the body for the purpose of commercial transactions. [19] Despite ordinances against organ sales, this practice persists, with studies estimating that anywhere from 5% to 42% of transplanted organs are illicitly purchased.
Anthropologist and organ trade expert Nancy Scheper-Hughes claimed that she had informed the FBI that Rosenbaum was "a major figure" in international organ smuggling 7 years ago, and that many of Rosenbaum's donors had come from Eastern Europe. This is the first organ trafficking case in U.S. history.
China's legal definition of trafficking does not automatically regard children over the age of 14 who are subjected to the commercial sex trade as trafficking victims. [2] Chinese laws only recognize forms of coercion other than abduction, such as threats of physical harm or non-physical harm, as constituting a means of trafficking.
Human commodity is a term used in case of human organ trade, paid surrogacy (also known as commodification of the womb), and human trafficking. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 34 ] According to Gøsta Esping-Andersen , people are commodified or 'turned into objects' when selling their labour on the market to an employer.