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As the battery fills, its internal voltage rises towards the fixed voltage being supplied to it, and the rate of current flow slows. Eventually the charger will turn off when the current drops below a pre-set threshold. [4] A sulfated battery has higher electrical resistance than an unsulfated battery of identical construction.
A "charge cycle" is not a unit of time; the length of time spent charging or discharging does not affect the number of charge cycles. [1] Each battery is affected differently by charge cycles. [2] [3] In general, number of cycles for a rechargeable battery (the cycle life) indicates how many times it can undergo the process of complete charging ...
Rechargeable alkaline batteries are manufactured fully charged and have the ability to hold their charge for years, longer than nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries, which self-discharge. [4] Rechargeable alkaline batteries can have a high recharging efficiency and have less environmental impact than disposable cells.
Under certain conditions, some battery chemistries are at risk of thermal runaway, leading to cell rupture or combustion. As thermal runaway is determined not only by cell chemistry but also cell size, cell design and charge, only the worst-case values are reflected here. [64]
The energy used to charge rechargeable batteries usually comes from a battery charger using AC mains electricity, although some are equipped to use a vehicle's 12-volt DC power outlet. The voltage of the source must be higher than that of the battery to force current to flow into it, but not too much higher or the battery may be damaged.
How fast self-discharge in a battery occurs is dependent on the type of battery, state of charge, charging current, ambient temperature and other factors. [2] Primary batteries are not designed for recharging between manufacturing and use, and thus to be practical they must have much lower self-discharge rates than older types of secondary cells.
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