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In computer science, a tagged union, also called a variant, variant record, choice type, discriminated union, disjoint union, sum type, or coproduct, is a data structure used to hold a value that could take on several different, but fixed, types.
The Variant Call Format or VCF is a standard text file format used in bioinformatics for storing gene sequence or DNA sequence variations. The format was developed in 2010 for the 1000 Genomes Project and has since been used by other large-scale genotyping and DNA sequencing projects.
For example, when annotating variants with characteristics such as (1) genomic function and (2) the functional role of the coding variant, the output file will contain all the columns from the input file, followed additional columns "genomic_function" (e.g. with values "exonic" or "intronic") and "coding_variant_function" (e.g. with values ...
Data classification is the process of organizing data into categories based on attributes like file type, content, or metadata. The data is then assigned class labels that describe a set of attributes for the corresponding data sets. The goal is to provide meaningful class attributes to former less structured information.
For example, PKIX uses such notation in RFC 5912. With such notation (constraints on parameterized types using information object sets), generic ASN.1 tools/libraries can automatically encode/decode/resolve references within a document. ^ The primary format is binary, a json encoder is available. [10]
Another similar format which is widely used is IOB2 format, which is the same as the IOB format except that the B- tag is used in the beginning of every chunk (i.e. all chunks start with the B- tag). A readable introduction to entity tagging is given in Bob Carpenter's blog post, "Coding Chunkers as Taggers". [3] An example with IOB format:
Broadly, query languages can be classified according to whether they are database query languages or information retrieval query languages. The difference is that a database query language attempts to give factual answers to factual questions, while an information retrieval query language attempts to find documents containing information that is relevant to an area of inquiry.
For this example it is assumed that each book has only one author. A table that conforms to the relational model has a primary key which uniquely identifies a row. In our example, the primary key is a composite key of {Title, Format} (indicated by the underlining):