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Lignum vitae is hard and durable, and is also the densest wood traded (average dried density: ~79 lb/ft 3 or ~1,260 kg/m 3); [4] it will easily sink in water. On the Janka scale of hardness, which measures hardness of woods, lignum vitae ranks highest of the trade woods, with a Janka hardness of 4,390 lbf (compared with Olneya at 3,260 lbf, [5] African blackwood at 2,940 lbf, hickory at 1,820 ...
When testing wood in lumber form, the Janka test is always carried out on wood from the tree trunk (known as the heartwood), and the standard sample (according to ASTM D143) is at 12% moisture content and clear of knots. [3] The hardness of wood varies with the direction of the wood grain. Testing on the surface of a plank, perpendicular to the ...
The Guinness Book of World Records lists this tree as the world's heaviest wood, with a specific gravity of 1.49, similar to that of anthracite or dry earth. [8] It is known for its tendency to sink in water, unlike other wood materials. It is also one of the world's hardest woods according to the Janka hardness test. The timber has a good ...
Xanthostemon verdugonianus is known to be the hardest Philippine hardwood species. Cutting a 70-cm thick tree with axes normally requires three hours, but cutting a Mangkono tree with the same diameter usually takes two to four days.
As well as an export timber source, the wood is graded as first (highest) category in Cambodia. It is a very hard timber and is used to make columns, bridges, sleepers, and for other various construction purposes. [4] Exposed in the open, it may last 10–15 years, though if indoors it may last 50–60 years.
NCSU Inside Wood project; Reproduction of The American Woods: exhibited by actual specimens and with copious explanatory text by Romeyn B. Hough; US Forest Products Laboratory, "Characteristics and Availability of Commercially Important Wood" from the Wood Handbook Archived 2021-01-18 at the Wayback Machine PDF 916K; International Wood ...
The wood is hard, heavy and self-lubricating, and has a Janka Hardness Score of 4500, [8] which is one of the hardest in the world. It can sink when placed in water. [ 9 ] There are fine ripple marks on the wood.
Ironwood is a common name for many woods that have a reputation for hardness, or specifically a wood density that is denser than water (approximately 1000 kg/m 3, or 62 pounds per cubic foot), although usage of the name ironwood in English may or may not indicate a tree that yields such heavy wood.