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Compounding occurs when two or more words or signs are joined to make a longer word or sign. Consequently, a compound is a unit composed of more than one stem, forming words or signs. If the joining of the words or signs is orthographically represented with a hyphen, the result is a hyphenated compound (e.g., must-have, hunter-gatherer).
The following compound modifiers are always hyphenated when they are not written as one word: An adjective preceding a noun to which -d or -ed has been added as a past-participle construction, used before a noun: "loud-mouthed hooligan" "middle-aged lady" "rose-tinted glasses" A noun, adjective, or adverb preceding a present participle:
If the compound modifier that would otherwise be hyphenated is changed to a post-modifier—one which is located after the modified noun phrase—then the hyphen is conventionally not necessary: the actress is well known. Finally, the word very in a compound modifier is generally not accompanied by a hyphen. [11]
Compound subjects cause many difficulties in compliance with grammatical agreement between the subject and other entities (verbs, pronouns, etc.). These issues also occur with compound noun phrases of all sorts, but the problems are most acute with compound subjects because of the large number of types of agreement occurring with such subjects.
In short, a sentence with one or more dependent clauses and at least one independent clause is a complex sentence. A sentence with two or more independent clauses plus one or more dependent clauses is called compound-complex or complex-compound. In addition to a subject and a verb, dependent clauses contain a subordinating conjunction or ...
1.1 Hyphen in object–verbal noun compound. 13 comments. 1.2 Hyphens for this sentence? 4 comments. Toggle the table of contents.
The Chicago House Manual of Style (15th ed.) has a painful seven-page-long description of the general patterns of hyphen use. This one likely comes under this type: "noun + noun, two functions: nurse-practitioner, city-state, city-state governance'. (Both noun and adjective forms are always hyphenated.)" (7.90, p. 303, emphases in original).
The upper two trees on the left are endocentric since each time, one of the parts, i.e. the head, projects its category status up to the mother node. The upper tree on the right, in contrast, is exocentric, because neither of the parts projects its category status up to the mother node; Z is a category distinct from X or Y.