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The numerical multiplier (or multiplying affix) in IUPAC nomenclature indicates how many particular atoms or functional groups are attached at a particular point in a molecule. The affixes are derived from both Latin and Greek .
For example, (CH 3) 2 CHCH 2 CH 3 (isopentane) is named 2-methylbutane, not 3-methylbutane. If there are multiple side-branches of the same size alkyl group, their positions are separated by commas and the group prefixed with multiplier prefixes depending on the number of branches. For example, C(CH 3) 4 (neopentane) is named 2,2 ...
Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6), ribose (C 5 H 10 O 5), Acetic acid (C 2 H 4 O 2), and formaldehyde (CH 2 O) all have different molecular formulas but the same empirical formula: CH 2 O.This is the actual molecular formula for formaldehyde, but acetic acid has double the number of atoms, ribose has five times the number of atoms, and glucose has six times the number of atoms.
Many people apply individual rules, e.g. "to obtain length in centimeters multiply the length in inches by 2.54", but combining several such conversions is laborious and prone to mistakes. A better way is to use the factor-label method , which is closely related to dimensional analysis , and quantity calculus explained in sections 1.1 and 7.1 ...
For example, the main constituent of white vinegar is CH 3 COOH, which is commonly called acetic acid and is also its recommended IUPAC name, but its formal, systematic IUPAC name is ethanoic acid. The IUPAC's rules for naming organic and inorganic compounds are contained in two publications, known as the Blue Book [1] [2] and the Red Book, [3 ...
IUPAC states that, "As one of its major activities, IUPAC develops Recommendations to establish unambiguous, uniform, and consistent nomenclature and terminology for specific scientific fields, usually presented as: glossaries of terms for specific chemical disciplines; definitions of terms relating to a group of properties; nomenclature of chemical compounds and their classes; terminology ...
Basic IUPAC inorganic nomenclature has two main parts: the cation and the anion. The cation is the name for the positively charged ion and the anion is the name for the negatively charged ion. [14] An example of IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry is potassium chlorate (KClO 3): Potassium chlorate "Potassium" is the cation name.
Ligands may bridge two or more centres. The prefix μ is used to specify a bridging ligand in both the formula and the name. For example the dimeric form of aluminium trichloride: Al 2 Cl 4 (μ-Cl) 2 di-μ-chlorido-tetrachlorido-1κ 2 Cl,2κ 2 Cl-dialuminium. This example illustrates the ordering of bridging and non bridging ligands of the same ...